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How Do The Contributions Of Animal Testing To Global Medical

How do the contributions of animal testing to global medical science justify whether or not it should be banned? According to the Humane Society International (HSI), animal testing or animal experimentation for medical research refers to the experimentation on live animals for the purposes of investigation on diseases, medical treatments, or fundamental biology. Charles Gross, a former member of the History of Neuroscience committee of the global Society for Neuroscience, states that animals were used for improving medical knowledge even during the 2nd century when Galen, a Greek physician, utilized pigs for experimentation. Galen’s research led to a better understanding of how the brain and heart function in Western Europe (Gross).†¦show more content†¦The NEAVS demonstrates that animal testing is often unsuccessful by reporting that 95% of all cancer drugs that work on animals fail in human testing (â€Å"Limitations†). The NEAVS further argues that sometimes drugs produced from animal experimentation actually harm humans as they report that an arthritis drug, Vioxx, wa s deemed safe by animal studies but was taken back in 2004 after causing 60,000 deaths in the US (â€Å"Limitations†). As shown, the NEAVS primarily argues that animal experimentation should be banned because it often fails to benefit humans (â€Å"Limitations†). Although the NEAVS poses strong information as to why animal testing is ineffective, information published by the NEAVS might only pose the negatives of animal testing as the organization works to end animal experimentation (â€Å"Limitations†). Gill Langley, a British scientist, agrees with the NEAVS that the high failure rate of animal testing proves that it should be banned. She supports her argument by stating that 100% of the AIDS vaccines developed using chimpanzees and monkeys failed to work in humans (Langley). Langley demonstrates the unsuccessfulness of animal testing by reporting that within 97 drugs for stroke that have passed animal tests, only two work.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Pros and Co ns of Animal Testing2125 Words   |  9 PagesPro Animal Testing Animal testing has become a wide contribution in medical field in order to find new treatment, developing new medicines and improving the existing ones as well as testing the safety and effectiveness of new medicines. Some medicines development is depending on animal research, for instances, vaccines and insulin for diabetes and kidney transplants. However, there are many diseases that their cures are still undiscovered yet and one of them is AIDS (Tanir, 2012). Frankie L. TrullRead MoreAnimal Testing Is A Significant Controversy Across The Nation Essay2191 Words   |  9 PagesAnimal testing is a substantial controversy across the nation. According to Rush, Catherine M. et al. â€Å"Animal Models to Investigate the Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Heart Disease.† Frontiers in Pediatrics 2 (2014): 116. PMC. Web. 27 Oct. 2016., animal testing has been around for quite some time. Her article states that â€Å"Animals have been used repeatedly throughout the history of biomedical res earch. Early Greek physician-scientists, such as Aristotle, (384 – 322 BC) and Erasistratus, (304 – 258 BC)Read More Embryonic Stem Cells Research Essays2785 Words   |  12 Pagesof the fetus. In this paper we are going to discuss the total aspect meaning: how the government takes playThe intention of this research paper is to inform about the benefits of animal testing for humankind through the development of medical treatments and the quality of life throughout history. Also try to persuade the society that is opposed to this practice about the many positive factors that has given us the animal experiments in the battle against diseases and conditions. By which today areRead MoreTechnology and Social Change in Healthcare1606 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal perspective as well as a social perspective. A good example would be the invention of the Internet and how it has changed the way people and corporations function in society. Over the past several years the technological growth and availability of laptops, computers, cellular phones and the Internet have changed society and how we function on a daily basis. Parents can use Global Positioning System also known as GPS on their devices to keep track of their children as well as â€Å"on the go† conferenceRead MoreIdentify the Mission, Values and Key Objectives of an Organization of Your Choice and Assess the Influence of Stakeholders4521 Words   |  19 Pagesnatural products and they are against animal cruelty. They use plants resources wisely. The body shop is different because of their values. Ms Dame Anita roddick, was a human rights activist and the founder of the body shop. AGAINST ANIMAL TESTING Every one of the body shops products is animal cruelty free and vegetarian. they were the first international cosmetics brand to be recognized under the Humane Cosmetics Standard for our Against Animal Testing policy. FOR TRADING FAIRLY Read MoreCulture of Proctor and Gamble7701 Words   |  31 Pagesand the Law 1. Compliance With Legal Requirements 2. Accuracy of Company Books and Records †¢ Books and Records †¢ Disclosure Controls †¢ Internal Controls 3. Securities Trading 4. Antitrust Policy and Compliance Guidelines 5. Lobbying 6. Political Contributions and Related Policies 7. Transacting International Business B. Respect in the Workplace 1. Behavior in the Workplace 2. Child Labor and Worker Exploitation 3. Wage and Hour Practices 4. Safety, Health and Environmental †¢ Employee Safety †¢ EnvironmentalRead MoreCulture of Proctor and Gamble7686 Words   |  31 Pagesand the Law 1. Compliance With Legal Requirements 2. Accuracy of Company Books and Records †¢ Books and Records †¢ Disclosure Controls †¢ Internal Controls 3. Securities Trading 4. Antitrust Policy and Compliance Guidelines 5. Lobbying 6. Political Contributions and Related Policies 7. Tran sacting International Business B. Respect in the Workplace 1. Behavior in the Workplace 2. Child Labor and Worker Exploitation 3. Wage and Hour Practices 4. Safety, Health and Environmental †¢ Employee Safety †¢ EnvironmentalRead MoreGsk Marketing Planning4419 Words   |  18 Pagesfrom generic brand medication- often seen as the main substitute of the products produced by pharmaceutical companies. Complementary Alternative Medicines (CAM) is another substitute of GSK products. Threat: High Bargaining power of buyers: Buyers do not pose significant threat on GSK, as the company spends most of its Ramp;D to develop new patent products. The major consumers of products are doctors, pharmacists, patients, hospitals and other healthcare facilities. In various ways, buyers canRead MoreComparing Pfizer’s Business Standards to the Global Business Standards Codex 2448 Words   |  10 Pagespharmaceutical companies, Pfizer, will be analyzed. Pfizer’s policy on business conduct will be compared to the Global Business Standards Codex which was developed by Paine, Deshpande, Margolis and Bettcher (Pfizer, 2012; Paine, 2005). The codex consists of eight foundational principles that predict how a company will handle certain ethical situations. This codex will also be analyzed with respect to how it should be applied within the Christian world view. The codex principles are fiduciary, property, reliabilityRead MoreGenetics: Past, Present and Future Essay example2599 Words   |  11 Pageselements (Freedman 10-13). The renaissance. As one may know, the renaissance was a period between the 1400s-1700s where great advancements in science occured. The invention of basic tools and the revelation of how to effectively use those tools led to further development in the understanding of how certain genes are inherited. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is credited with being the first to use microscopes to examine living organisms, and eventually concluded that the sperm and egg were the means by which

Gangs Essay Research Paper GANGS free essay sample

Gangs Essay, Research Paper GANGS Gangs are a violent world that people have to cover within today # 8217 ; s metropoliss. What has made these groups come about? Why do childs experience that being in a pack is both an acceptable andprestigious manner to populate? The long scope reply to thesequestions can merely be speculated upon, but in the short termthe replies are much easier to happen. On the surface, gangsare a direct consequence of human existences # 8217 ; personal wants and peerpressure. To find how to efficaciously stop pack force wemust happen the manner that these ethical motives are given to the person. Unfortunately, these can merely be hypothesized. However, bylooking at the manner worlds are influenced in society, I believethere is good grounds to indicate the incrimination at severalinstitutions. These include the forces of the media, thegovernment, theater, drugs and our economic system. On the surface, packs are caused by equal force per unit area andgreed. Many teens in packs will coerce equals into becomingpart of a pack by doing it all sound glamourous. Money is alsoan important factor. A child ( a 6-10 twelvemonth old, who is non yet amember ) is shown that s/he could do $ 200 to $ 400 for smallpart clip pack occupations. Although these are of import factors theyare non strong plenty to do childs make things that are stronglyagainst their ethical motives. One of the ways that childs ethical motives are dead set so that gangviolence becomes more acceptable is the influence of televisionand films. The mean child spends more clip at a Television thanshe/he spends in a schoolroom. Since cipher can wholly turnoff their heads, childs must be larning something while watchingthe Television. Very few hours of telecasting watched by kids areeducational, so other thoughts are being absorbed during this periodof clip. Many shows on telecasting today are highly violentand are frequently shown this from a pack # 8217 ; s position. A normaladult can see that this is demoing how insultingly that packs areliving. However, to a kid this portrays a violent gangexistance as acceptable. # 8216 ; The Ends Justifies the Means # 8217 ; outlook is besides taught through many shows where the # 8220 ; goodyguy # 8221 ; captures the # 8220 ; bad cat # 8221 ; through force and is so beingcommended. A immature kid sees this a absolutely acceptablebecause he knows that the # 8220 ; bad cat # 8221 ; was incorrect but has no ideaof what acceptable apprehensiveness techniques are. Gore in telecasting besides takes a large portion in influencingyoung heads. Children see bloodstained scenes and are fascinated bythese things that they have non seen before. Older viewing audiences seegore and are non concerned with the blood but instead with thepain the victim must experience. A younger head doesn # 8217 ; Ts make thisconnection. Thus a Gore captivation is formed, and has beenseen in several of my equals. Unfortunately childs raised wit hthis kind of telecasting terminal up turning up with a strongerpropensity to going a violent pack member or # 8216 ; violent-acceptant # 8217 ; individual. # 8220 ; Gangs bring the delinquent norms of society intointimate contact with the individual. # 8221 ; 1, ( Marshall B Clinard,1963 ) . So, as you can see if Television leads a kid to believe thatviolence is the norm this will attest itself in the actions ofthe child rather, frequently in a pack state of affairs. This is particularly thecase when parents don # 8217 ; t pass a batch of clip with their childs atthe Television explicating what is right and what is incorrect. Quite oftennewer books and some types of music will implement this type ofthought and thoughts. Once this outlook is installed in childs they becomeincreasingly prone to being easy pushed into a pack state of affairs byany job at place or elsewhere. For case, in poorfamilies with many kids or upper-middle category households whereparents are ever working, the kids will frequently experience deprivedof love. Parents can frequently experience that seting nutrient on the tableis adequate love. Children of these households may frequently travel to thegang foremost out of ennui and to belong someplace. As timegoes on, a signifier of love or affinity develops between the gangmembers and the kid. It is so that the bond between thekid and the pack is completed because the pack has effectivelytaken the topographic point of the household. The new anti societal construction of metropoliss besides effects theease in which a boy/girl can fall in a pack. # 8221 ; The formation ofgangs in metropoliss, and most late in suburbs, is facilitated by the same deficiency of community among parents. The parents do notknow what their qi ldren are doing for two reasons: First, muchof the parents’ lives is outside the local community, while thechildren’s lives are lived almost totally within it. Second, in afully developed community, the network of relations gives everyparent, in a sense, a community of sentries who can keep himinformed of his child’s activities. In modern living-places (cityor suburban), where such a network is attenuated, he no longerhas such sentries.†2, (Merton Nisbet, 1971). In male gangs problems occur as each is the members triesto be the most manly. This often leads to all membersparticipating in â€Å"one-up-manship†. Quite often this will thenlead to each member trying to commit a bigger and more violentcrime or simply more crimes than the others. With all membersparticipating in this sort of activity it makes for a neverending unorganized violence spree (A sort of Clockwork Orangementality). In gangs with more intellegent members thesefeelings end up maki ng each member want to be the star whenthe groups commit a crime. This makes the gang much moreorganized and improves the morale of members which in turnmakes them more dangerous and very hard for the police to dealwith and catch (There is nothing harder to find and deal withthan organized teens that are dedicated to the group). Thissort of gang is usually common of middle or upper class peoplealthough it can happen in gangs in the projects and other lowrent districts too. This â€Å"one-up-manship† is often the reason between rivalgangs fighting. All gangs feel powerful and they want to befeared. To do this they try to establish themselves as theonly gang in a certain neighborhood. After a few gang fightshatred forms and gang murders and drive-by’s begin to takeplace. When two gangs are at war it makes life very dangerousfor citizens in the area. Less that 40% of drive-by’s killtheir intended victim yet over 60% do kill someone. This gangapplication is one of t he many reasons that sexual sterotypesand pressure to conform to the same must be stopped. Lastly one of the great factors in joining a gang is forprotection. Although from an objective point of view, we cansee joining a gang brings more danger than it saves you from,this is not always the way it is seen by kids. In slums such asthe Bronx or the very worst case, Compton, children will nodoubt be beaten and robbed if they do not join a gang. Ofcourse they can probably get the same treatment from rivalswhen in a gang. The gang also provides some money for thesechildren who quite often need to feed their families. Thereason kids think that the gang will keep them safe is frompropoganda from the gangs. Gang members will say that no onewill get hurt and make a public show of revenge if a member ishurt or killed. People in low rent areas are most often being represseddue to poverty and most importantly, race. This often resultsin an attitude that motivates the person to base his/her lifeo n doing what the system that oppresses them doesn’t want. Although this accomplishes little it is a big factor in gangenrollment. So, as you have seen gangs are a product of theenvironment we have created for ourselves. Some of thesefactors include: oppression, the media, greed, violence andother gangs. There seems to be no way to end the problem ofgangs without totally restructuring the modern economy andvalue system. Since the chance of this happening is minimal, wemust learn to cope with gangs and try to keep their followingto a minimum. Unfortunately there is no real organized forceto help fight gangs. Of course the police are supposed to dothis but this situation quite often deals with racial issues alsoand the police forces regularly display their increasing inabilityto deal fairly with these issues. What we need are more peopleto form organizations like the â€Å"Guardian Angels† a gang-likegroup that makes life very tough for street gangs that arebreaking laws. BibliographyMargot Webb, Coping with Street Gangs. Rosen Publishing Group,New York, 1990. William Foote Whyte, Street Corner Society. University ofChicago, Chicago, 1955. Peter Carroll, South-Central. Hoyte and Williams, L. A., 1987. 1 Marshall B. Clinard, Sociology of Deviant Behavior. Universityof Wisconsin, Wisconsin, 1963, Page 179. 2 Merton Nisbet, Contempory Social Problems. Harcourt, Brace World, New York, 1971, Page 588.

Treating Students Fairly free essay sample

I think it makes much more sense to treat all learners differently. I think of it as a parent. If I have 4 children it is my responsibility to address each child’s needs. You can raise all children in the same home and they will all 4 walk away with a different experience and interpretation of what went on. I see the classroom the same way. A relationship should be built from the beginning. This way the students know that everyone in the classroom has different needs and I will do my best to meet them all. There is no favoritism just fairness. This has to be explained and revisited throughout the school year. There is a definite overrepresentation of African Americans in special education. I think the contributing factors are their environment, some not all are coming from single parent households and the value of education has to be examined. I think it is a sad state of affairs. We will write a custom essay sample on Treating Students Fairly or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Children who misbehave are not necessarily behavior problems. I think the genetics are different from African Americans and their counterparts. The diet is different as is the influences around them. More needs to be done to stop this but it won’t be easy. To start with a culturally responsive classroom I think there should be some ground rules set. Different cultures should be explored and discussed as a class. That would be best practice. In addition there should be pictures that reflect diversity around the classroom. Behavior and motivation will follow suit if addressed early. I think the students will see how the teacher responds and in turn respond the same way.

AristotleThe Politics essays

AristotleThe Politics essays Aristotle believes that the chief ingredient for a life of happiness is virtue. Virtue is a state of the soul that disposes and prompts our actions and is meant to guide our behaviors in society and enable us to practice moderation. Aristotle believes that human happiness, which is not to be equated with the simple-minded pursuit of pleasure, stems from fulfilling human potentialities. These potentialities can be identified by rational choice, practical judgment, and recognition of the value of choosing the mean instead of extremes. The central moral problem is the human tendency to want to acquire more and to act unjustly whenever one has the power to do so. According to Aristotle happiness is the highest good and the goo life comes from the realization and perfect practice of virtue. In order to lead a life of goodness there must be a foundation of adequate health (goods of the body), adequate wealth (external goods, property), and goods of the soul (virtue, wisdom). People think that a moderate amount of virtue is enough, but set no limit to their desires of wealth and property, power, reputation, and all such things... - i.e. of external goods. (1323 a35-40) Happiness is more often found in those who are cultivated in their mind and in their character, and have only a moderate share of external goods, than among those who possess extensive external goods but are lacking in higher qualities. The good life you lead or experience is an inner sense of well being. This is the active life of virtue and this is all for the sake of the soul. "We may therefore join in agreeing that the amount of happiness which falls to each individual man is equal to the amount of his goodness and his wisdom, and of the good and wise acts that he does." [1323b21] Aristotle said we must act naturally in order to be happy. He believes nature is our guide and that nothing is good which is contrary to nature. A...

Pronoun Definition and Examples

Pronoun Definition and Examples In English grammar, a pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun, noun phrase, or noun clause. The pronoun is one of the traditional  parts of speech. A pronoun can function as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Unlike nouns, pronouns rarely allow modification. Pronouns are a closed word class in English: new members rarely enter the language. To understand how to recognize and correctly use pronouns, it can be helpful to review the types of pronouns that exist in English. Demonstrative Pronouns A  demonstrative  pronoun points to a particular  noun  or to the noun it replaces. These pronouns can indicate items in space or time, and they can be either singular or plural, says  Ginger Software. When used to represent a thing or things, demonstrative pronouns can be either near or far in distance or time, says the online grammar, punctuation, and spelling checker, offering these examples: Near in time or distance:  this, theseFar in time or distance:  that, those There are three basic rules for using demonstrative pronouns: They always identify nouns, such as: I can’t believe this. The writer does not know what this  is, but it exists.They often describe animals, places, or things but  they can also describe people, such as:  This  sounds like Mary singing.They stand alone, distinguishing them from demonstrative adjectives, which qualify (or modify) nouns. Demonstrative pronouns can be used in place of a noun, so long as the noun being replaced can be understood from the pronoun’s context: This  was my mother’s ring.These  are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable.None  of these answers is correct. Indefinite Pronouns An indefinite pronoun refers to an unspecified or unidentified person or thing. Put another way, an indefinite pronoun doesnt have an  antecedent. Indefinite pronouns include  quantifiers  (some, any, enough, several, many, or much);  universals  (all, both, every, or  each); and  partitives  (any, anyone, anybody, either, neither, no, nobody, some, or  someone). For example: Everyone  did as  he  pleased.Both  of us match the donation.Some coffee  is  left. Many of the indefinite pronouns can function as  determiners. Interrogative Pronouns The term  interrogative pronoun  refers to a  pronoun  that introduces a  question. These words are also called a  pronominal interrogative. Related terms include  interrogative,  wh-word, and  question word, although these terms are usually not defined in precisely the same way.  In English,  who, whom, whose, which,  and  what  commonly function as interrogative pronouns, for example: Even if you do learn to speak correct English,  whom  are you going to speak it to?- Clarence Darrow When immediately followed by a  noun,  whose, which, and  what  function as  determiners  or interrogative adjectives.  When they start a question, interrogative pronouns  have no antecedent, because  what they refer to is precisely what the question is trying to find out. Reflexive Pronouns A  reflexive pronoun  ends  in  -self  or  -selves  and is  used as an  object  to refer to a previously named  noun  or pronoun in a sentence. It can also simply be called a  reflexive. Reflexive pronouns usually follow  verbs  or  prepositions. For example: Good breeding consists of concealing how much we think of  ourselves  and how little we think of the other person.-  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Mark Twain Reflexive pronouns, which have the forms  myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, oneself, and  themselves, are essential to the meaning of a sentence. Intensive Pronouns An  intensive pronoun  ends in  -self  or  -selves  and emphasizes its  antecedent. It is also known as an  intensive reflexive pronoun. Intensive pronouns often appear as  appositives  after  nouns  or other pronouns, for example: He wondered, as he had many times wondered before, whether he  himself  was a lunatic.- George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four Intensive pronouns have the same forms as  reflexive pronouns:  myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, oneself, and  themselves. Unlike reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns are not essential to the basic meaning of a sentence. Personal Pronouns A  personal pronoun  refers to a particular person, group, or thing. Like all pronouns, personal pronouns can take the place of  nouns  and  noun phrases. These are the personal pronouns in English: First-person singular:  I  ( subject), me (object)First-person plural:  we  (subject), us (object)Second-person singular and plural:  you  (subject  and  object)Third-person singular:  he, she, it  (subject),  him, her, it  (object)Third-person plural:  they  (subject),  them  (object) Note that personal pronouns  inflect  for  case  to show whether they are serving as  subjects  of clauses or as  objects  of verbs or prepositions. All the personal pronouns except  you  have distinct forms indicating  number, either  singular  or  plural. Only the third-person singular pronouns have distinct forms indicating  gender: masculine (he, him), feminine (she, her), and neuter (it). A personal pronoun (such as  they) that can refer to both masculine and feminine entities is called a  generic pronoun. Possessive Pronouns A possessive pronoun can take the place of a  noun phrase  to show ownership, as in, This phone is  mine. The  weak  possessives (also called  possessive determiners) function as  determiners  in front of  nouns, as in, My  phone is broken. The weak possessives are  my, your, his, her, its, our, and  their. In contrast, the  strong  (or  absolute)  possessive pronouns  stand on their own:  mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours,  and  theirs. The strong possessive is a type of  independent genitive. A possessive pronoun never takes an  apostrophe. Reciprocal Pronouns A reciprocal pronoun expresses a mutual action or relationship. In English, the reciprocal pronouns are  each other  and  one another, as in this example: Leadership and learning are indispensable to  each other.- John F. Kennedy, in a speech prepared for delivery on the day of his  assassination, Nov. 22, 1963 Some  usage  guides insist that  each other  should be used to refer to two people or things, and  one another  to more than two. Relative Pronouns A  relative pronoun  introduces an  adjective clause  (also called a  relative clause), as in: Spaghetti at her table,  which  was offered at least three times a week, was a mysterious red, white, and brown concoction.- Maya Angelou, Mom Me Mom The standard relative pronouns in English are  which, that, who, whom,  and  whose.  Who  and  whom  refer only to people.  Which  refers to things, qualities, and ideas- never to people.  That  and  whose  refer to people, things, qualities, and ideas. Source What is a Demonstrative Pronoun? Ginger Software, 2019.

Sony versus Hotz court case and decision Article

Sony versus Hotz court case and decision - Article Example His hacking also enabled him to have access to the PlayStation 3’s processor. It was Hotz’s actions that made Sony take him to court. Through the lawsuit, Sony sought to get a temporary restraining order against Hotz. Sony sued Hotz for allegedly violating the Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA), being involved in decryption of keys, and violating the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. At some point, the court granted Sony temporary injunction against Hotz. This was to prevent him from making public, information about how he hacked into the PlayStation 3 console. The court also granted Sony the right to know all those who had visited the website of the hacker (Hotz). After a long court battle, the matter was finally settled out of court when both parties reached an agreement based on certain terms and conditions. Hotz agreed to stop distributing the files he used to hack into PlayStation 3 and swore not to repeat the same actions ever again (Grazzini, 2011). In my opinion, the ruling whereby Hotz was required to stop publishing information about the files he used to hack into the PlayStation 3 was fair. This was because Hotz broke the law by hacking into the PlayStation 3 and deserved to be punished for it. I am of the opinion that he should have gotten a stricter punishment. The decision of the court to allow Sony to know all those who had visited Hotz website was not fair because it would infringe on the privacy of others. I do not think it was the visitors were on the wrong. They simply accessed information that had been put online for the public to

The Trouble with Scotland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Trouble with Scotland - Essay Example The background score in this scene, just prior to the "They'll never take our Freedom!" Exhortation while not misplaced in terms of cinematography at that moment the musical choice does not seem to be evocative of the type of emotions that would rouse reluctant men to battle and death. Rather the total quality or we use an emotional tapestry of soothing memory and simple pleasures when one might argue that a harder-edged sound choice might better foreshadow the carnage to come. But one might argue that the message being portrayed by the particulars of the musical undercurrents in this scene being that for untrained men to rise up as one and engage in a peril-fraught, blood-soaked exploit of such deadly danger they require something other than themselves for which they are fighting. Even as Wallaces speech would seem to evoke personal pride within them, to spit in the devil's eyes. Asking them if they would truly trade all of the potential days and years of complacent old age for one chance, just one chance, to defy the great Martial might of England's professional army. Here we have a juxtaposition between the selfless need to fight for something greater, while at the same time asserting a piss&vinegar, devil may care disregard for mortality. The portrayal of the larger war against the British is structured during the film to grant a pivotal role to the French-born princess. (played by Sophie Marceau) integral to this war effort and to the film, on the whole, is the Princess's journey. Her transformation from Royal pawn of perpetually feuding nations bartered away as a living stamp of approval upon a flimsy peace accord between Britain and France - to become a traitorous, adulterous Queen. In the betrayal of her unwilling vows, she discovers the means to become true to herself; her personal journey of becoming.

Putting Up a Restaurant Essay Example for Free

Putting Up a Restaurant Essay The business will be located along national road at Mabini Home Site Cabanatuan City where as all the necessary amenities are easy to access like water from NAWASA, Electricity from CELCOR and the location has a good drainage system whereas , flooding is not a problem. 3. Brief Description of the project The project is about putting up a Golden bakeshop. The proponent of this study was able to identify the needs for a good quality of products particularly the needs of bakeshop with bar. The site where the propose project will be strategically located and is accessible to all target customers and it is situated at Barangay Mabini Home Site. The proposed business is accessible to all types of transportation and approximately 50 meters from Residents, Cabanatuan City 300 meters from Wesleyan University Philippines. The nearest indirect competitors are 1 km away from the place of proposed project. Consequently averages of 1,500 customers are expected to be the clients per month, this will include teachers and students from the school . The business will give him/her an average of 26% net income annually. Initial capital requirement is estimated at P 990,086.00. It will be managed by the owner he/she will perform as manager and cashier. She/he will be assisted by 4 staff, and one baker Since the researchers focus on developing and extending services to people who loves to dine and assist them this business is perfect for them to established golden bakeshop and the business establishment will bear the trade name â€Å"Golden Bakeshop† 4. Project Summary 1. Market Feasibility This proposed project would be established to provide the needs of the people for good quality pastry services. The owner sees Barangay Mabini HomeSite, Cabanatuan City as a good site to put up a bakeshop because its accessibility to target customers. This project would be profitable because the bakeshop will be located at a place where there are lots of target customers. residents will favor in this kind of business,. The Golden Bakeshop is perfect for the students and residents who love pastries The proposed business supplies will be getting from Cabanatuan City Public market and Sangitan Market whereas it is known to offer raw materials and foods that are fresh and its low prices 2. Technical Feasibility Bakeshop will be established to provide the quality bakeshop needs of the people of Cabanatuan. The proposed business would be equipped with the needed structures and facilities to provide a better place for the convenience of the target customers. It is expected that with plan problems being encountered by consumers like low quality of bakeshop services will be solved. 3. Management Feasibility Partnership is a kind of organization the business will adopt. By this kind of organization, it is easy for the owner to control the business. Employees shall be receive enough and decent salaries. During holidays, each employee shall be granted a double pay work. Employees shall work in a 6 days basis so that they will enjoy one day of their day off. Likewise employees shall be received a Christmas bonus. The type of business organization will be a line type organization. The policies of the organizational indicated based on the salary given to the employee, the benefits they will received, there working hours and the hours of break for regular meal and the proper uniform during work. 4. Financial Feasibility Source of fund will come from the owner of the business. He or she will provide the total amount of fund needed to start the business. The total project cost is estimated P 990,086.00 who will be provided by the owner the amount include the pre-operating expenses working capital requirement and operating expenses for the said project. Based on the 5-year financial projection made by the owner ROI payback period is 3years. 5. Socio Economic Impact The proposed business will benefit the government, consumes, and the owner. The government will benefit from the taxes the business will pay, consumers will now be free to choose which a bakeshop will provide best service and finally the owner will profit through to income it will generate from the business. The proposed business will pay the taxes that may be due to the government. And provide income for those who will get employed II. Introduction/ Background of the Study 2.1 Introduction The proposed business on this study is too engaged on the operations of the restaurant with bar. The business is to intent to elevate the quality of the food services in terms of restaurants industry. The potential investor will provide the proper capital budget for the smooth operations of the business and the continuous operations. The investor chooses the location of Mabini Home Site Cabanatuan City on the grounds that the area was accessible in all kinds of vehicles and it is easy to transport or rather there lots of commuters with in the area of the projects. In reality the propose business is not new on the market impact the food services industry can considered as among the major or rather one of the leading industry in the economy. The dictate of the environments such as ready to eat on the grounds most of the people were lack on the preparations of their food because of the everyday work and lack of time to spend on that matters. Aside from the above reason the different occasion and other business meeting can easy to manage in one place were fo od were available and some recreations for the smooth closings of the transactions. On these common reasons the needs and the demand on this business have an opportunity on the market. As the students of the Hotel and Restaurants Managements the present study serve as an information and additional knowledge for the improvements and progress of the professions that become useful not only as an academic purposes but most of all as the guidance or rather information for the future performance for better and rendering quality business in the connections of the chosen professions. B.Objectives The central problem of this study is the evaluation of the viability of establishing Golden Bakeshop , a bakeshop in Mabini Homesite in Cabanatuan City. B.Objectives General: The main objective of this study is to determine the viability and feasibility of the proposed venture. Specifically, objectives from the point of view of the four functional areas of management are as follows. 1. Marketing: a. To identify the demand and supply in establishing Bakeshop in order to determine the market share. b. To obtain sufficient understanding of Bakeshop industry in order to strategically position the company in the market. c. To get hold of an understanding about the target clients in order to efficiently and satisfactorily satisfy their needs of, wants and expectations on bakeshop Business. 2. Technical/Production: a. To determine and expound the optimum processing method appropriate to the magnitude of the market. b. To know the technical requirements in the establishment of bakeshop Business c. To obtain sufficient knowledge of regulations and standards governing bakeshop Business. 3. Organizational and Management: a. To design organizational set-up that is best suited for the proposed project. b. To determine the number and qualifications of people required to manage the project effectively. 4. Financial: a. To make an estimate of the amount of initial investment required to execute the project. b. To present projected financial statements of the proposed venture for the next five years. c. To asses the profitability, liquidity and stability of the proposed business enterprise. C. Significance of the Study This research work is deemed significant to the following person: This study will be valuable to those aspiring businessman who are looking for a good venture which does not require huge capital to start a business. To the readers of this research it will serve as a guide and basis to seek information about this venture. For the researchers this study served as an experience and evaluation of what they learned in four years of studying. 2.2 Operational Definitions of Terms: Bakeshop. It is a place where a pastries is made and served . Baker. He or she is expert in making pastries Food. A simple defined as any matter eaten by man to sustain safe and nourish the body. Kitchen Staff. Helps cooks, chefs to prepare foods. Menu. Lists of dishes or to be readily served Mixed drinks. Drinks or beverages mixed into other ingredients to make it one ready to drinks like tequila sunrise, where the ingredients are vodka juice, tanduay rhum. Restaurant. Is a place where refreshments or foods are ready to serve, a public room for people who wants ready to meals. Sale. Exchange of property or services for a determined amount of money of its equivalent, the act of selling. Waiter/waitress. The one who take the customers order. Serve foods and e drinks, and prepared itemize checks. They also often accept payments; they must be quick and efficient but must be also patient with customers.

Commentary on Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka Essay examples --

Commentary on Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka Wole Soyinka recollects vividly in Ake Mrs. Huti talking about white racism. He was thus mentally prepared to cope with the racism before he left for England. The race problem which has been treated with levity in the immigrant poems is treated from the poet’s personal experience in â€Å"Telephone Conversation.† â€Å"Telephone Conversation† involves an exchange between the black speaker and a white landlady. This poem more than any other is enriched by Soyinka’s experience of drama. It appears that the speaker is so fluent in the landlady’s language that she is unable to make out that he is black and a foreigner. But he, knowing the society for its racial prejudice, deems it necessary to declare his racial identity rather than be rejected later when she discovers that he is black. When he tells her that he is African, she seems stunned and there is â€Å"Silenced transmission of/Pressurized good-breeding.† When she speaks, her voice is Lipstick coated, long gold-rolled Cigarette-holder pipped. These details are evide...

Lester Ward’s Contributions to American Sociology

Lester Frank Ward was a man of science. Sometimes dubbed as the â€Å"Father of American Sociology† or the â€Å"Social Darwin† Lester Ward was first a botanist and paleontologist. He understood the power of science. Ward wrote Dynamic Sociology and a few other works with the hopes to reinstate the importance of experimentation and the scientific method to sociology. He served as president of the American Sociological Society in 1906 and appointed assistant geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, a position he held for two years. Born to Justus and Silence on June 18, 1941, young Lester came from very humble beginnings. His parents were very poor and could not afford to send him to school. So, Ward taught himself at home. Even at a young age, Ward displayed exceptional intelligence. He taught himself how to speak different languages, Latin and Greek to name a few. His studies also included mathematics, botany, and geology. Although, he was not at the intellectual level as Comte or Voltaire, he made many contributions to all things social and founded sociology in America. He went on to join the fight against the Rebels in 1862. He was sent home after the Battle of Chancellorsville after being shot three times. While healing from his wounds, he also saw the reality of war which is legalized murder. He realized that the real enemy was ignorance, superstition, and oppression. In college, he felt that if he was a recognized for his work in the natural sciences, then most would listen to him in the field of sociology. He believed that the natural sciences should be the base for social sciences. Ward’s style of writing was known to be brilliant and crystal clear. One might think this stems from his uncanny talent for language. His writings are plain and comprehensible, which is a breath of fresh air for a reader who might not comprehend wordy and difficult styles of writing. Dynamic Sociology is one of Ward’s well known works. The reception at first was not that grand and Ward almost gave up on sociology to focus his energies on botany and geology. It eventually was praised by one of Ward’s toughest critics, Albion W. Small. When Dynamic Sociology was translated into Russian, it caused such a stir in the Russian government that the Czar ordered all copies to be burned in the city square of St. Petersburg in 1891. This is what George Kennan had to say about the book burning: â€Å"I have tried in my humble way to serve the cause of liberty in Russia, but I have not been able to do it with ability enough to get my writings burned. You are evidently a very dangerous man† (Chugerman, 66). Pure Sociology is Ward’s most popular work. The transition in Ward’s views of society from naturalistic to an almost completely cultural view is evident in this work. It got rave reviews overseas but, America was a bit cold towards it. Ward had many minor contributions to sociology, but there are three major contributions that have endure throughout the years. First was the emphasis which Ward placed upon psychic factors in interhuman relations (Chugerman, 3). Ward believed that human intelligence could guide and control wishes, desires, and feelings. Only the human mind can understand a society in which humans live. A good example would be happiness. In Dynamic Sociology, Ward explains that â€Å"happiness in the popular restricted sense is the experiencing of the higher emotional pleasures afforded by the gratification of social, esthetic, moral, and intellectual taste†(Gerver, 7). Ward’s second contribution for the sociologist of today was his â€Å"emphasis upon human achievement as the proper subject matter for sociology† (Chugerman, 3). He did not believe that any species below man was capable of human achievement. This is proof of his different viewpoint previously mentioned. His view of human society was mainly naturalistic, yet here one sees the change to a cultural view. Ward believed that desires and purposes were the foundation of culture that came about by accident at first, but could be morphed into intelligent social purposes. He also states that sociology is the science of that culture. His third major contribution to sociology is his â€Å"passionate affirmation of the possibility of intelligent social progress† (Chugerman, 3). He firmly believed in and pushed for the development of sociology as a science. He believed education was the safest method in which to develop intelligent social progress. Ward’s definition of social progress is the â€Å"increase of happiness of mankind† (Chugerman, 4). Even then, some found this definition insufficient, yet it can’t be denied that Ward built a strong foundation for sociology with his philosophy. Telesis is the theory that through the power of mind, humans can take control of the situation and direct the evolution of human society. A telic society will develop individuals and therefore society as a whole. The higher the individual is develop, the more develop society will be. Progress depends on the achievements. Like Comte, Ward suggested that sociology should use the cientific method of the natural sciences. Ward’s constructed his synthetic method from Comte’s idea of synthesis and believed that science has no problems that cannot be solved. The core of the synthetic method â€Å"is the law of causality, the magnetic pole which keeps the mind within the bounds of reason† (Chugerman, 100). To ignore this means to go back to metaphysics, where anything is possible and things happen without a cause. Ward’s philosophy as the love of wisdom is the ideal behind his sociocracy. Science keeps the philosopher grounded and not to fly off into mistaken the supernatural for reality. Science alone is the base of all philosophy† (Chugerman, 94). Ward also believed that philosophy is a branch of the scientific method. From philosophy as synthesis rises science-philosophy. Science and philosophy go hand in hand and Ward believed that â€Å"only a scientist can become a true philosopher† (Chugerman, 95). Ward became an advocate for women’s rights. Most sociologists disagreed with his theory that women were superior to men. Ward questioned how the mother of race came to be at such an inferior state and wh at forces has shaped them. He stated that â€Å"male superiority was a fallacy and a result of tradition and prejudice† (Chugerman, 380). Ward’s sex theories were opposed by both sexes and had a small following. One female write, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, dedicated her work, The Man-Made World, to Ward. Ward was a champion for the equality of all races and classes. He believed that this could only be achieved through universal education. He fervently opposed eugenics, the study and practice of selective breeding applied to humans, with the aim of improving the species. Charlotte Gillman strongly agreed with this movement and Ward harshly criticized her for it. Lester Ward passed away in the year 1913 at age 72. Ward was an eccentric man and had few friends. The few eulogies given by his friends remembered a man who fought relentlessly for human freedom and equality. Sadly, the majority of the public only saw him as an old professor. Only those closest to him put him in the same rank as Comte or Huxley. His love for the common people and hard work secures his place in 20th century America.

Should Be Single Sex Education

Children’s happiness is one of the the most important things when selecting a school. Equally important is finding a school that is inspiring. Parents also need to consider other factors such as letting them be themselves, academic skills and avoid sexual distractions of adolescence. Anyway, children have different needs and styles of learning. Thereby this essay will argue that schools should be single sex education. Obviously single sex education can understand how their students learn and they adapt their teaching styles to those specific needs.Some people believe that coeducation seems to be more realistic refers to provides greater opportunities for socialization. Besides the fact that children have different needs and the respect of personal differences. Directed intuitively and affectively oriented style of learning that fits most women never compatible. How to structure and practices that attract men single sex education helps teachers adjust instruction to male model and facilitate the study rounded up, unnecessary for boys to choose the course of the area they will produced.Keise (1992, p. 9) argues that single sex education has benefits for girls offers more opportunities to exercise leadership because girls have to hold positions of leadership in schools such as drama, sports, annual report or discussion of the team. It make it easier for girls to be leaders also boys tent to dominate and overshadow equally talented girls. Obviously it gives them expended education opportunities by allowing them to pressure non-traditional disciplines for girls suck as mathematics or sciences.Furthermore about emotion, single sex education puts less pressure on girls because girls are more prone than boys to suffer from low self esteem. This is clarified by The York Times Company (2010) who identifies the benefits of single sex education is mainly what you make them if your child learn to achieve his goals and is not afraid to compete if she knows that she ca n be whatever she wants to be, and you can attribute some of those feelings and achievement to the leanings environment she was in high school. Unfortunately the numbers schools with single sex education are small that it easy to determine simply.Moreover, boys and girls learn in difference ways. Boys use the brain for a given activity. In addition, physical differences lead to differences in the way boys and girls learn. Emotional activity is also processed in a different part of the brain. It has been suggested that girls respond more innately to literature. If the teacher understands how to teach girls, they will quickly feel comfortable exploring non-tradition subjects as mathematics, sciences, computers also technology and boys participate learn Lartin in single sex education. Moreover, Rowland (1974, p. 10) argues that men teacher teach mathematics and science better than woman as well as woman teach arts subjects better than man furthermore the mixed staff produce harmonious in the school. Furthermore, Mullins (2005) maintains that children in single sex education participate more in class, develop higher self esteem, score higher in aptitude tests, are chossing sciences and other male domains at teriary level, and are in more successful on careers. This research suggests that boys and girls have differences and there the best way to teach them is with different methods or environment.Children in single sex education provide parents with an opportunity can make more effectively the social development of their children. It makes more effectively the social development of their children. It makes an easier to study about sex education. Parents need their children are initiative to provide social development. Of course they should set opportunities for boys to mix a girls in family setting during childhood. If girls do not study in single sex education, it is quite hard for girls to have leadership skills. In addition, Gill (2004, p. 9) argues that â€Å" single sex schools are free from some some forms of sexual harassment and are not subject to the territorial defence behaviours of boy† that single sex education girls are free from sexual harassment that affects more than coeducation all girls can create a negative atmosphere against the influence of the media and often troubling depictions of women and girls. Moreover classroom is a place where girls of education and sense of self come before the environment that teachers feel the power an girls who understand the nature of intelligence alue and 100 percent for women and girls a strong 100 percent. On how efficiently a single sex education can also apply text information. girls and sex through peer pressure and young teachers not accord the lower value set for girls as opposed to school for boys other indicators lower than set of women key diagnostic tools (Mullins 2005). In contrast, coeducation in primary schools exposes all students to a range of male and female oriented learning experience. Important men and women are defined through social interaction play a valuable learning and sharing.Children learn through observation and interaction with other children and several behavioral characteristics that they bring. As parents, we quickly notice the negative behavior we want them, not the language as well, and tantrums. But the very behavior that they learn in classrooms is useful for children learning (Lingard 2009, p. 3). Similarly, Joined the School of Education for better social development between girls and boys. Students are confident in their school through communication with people.In addition, students are better balanced with the device make friends with counterparts in single sex education. The study shows that the natural development of friendships in the school coeducation and they have known better. This occurs because many social activities and clubs in the school girls and boys participated in a comfortable environment. There are also many complaints in school coeducation, which will benefit children. Children are free to choose subjects. Such as girls and boys will choose a topic that rarely exists in single sex Education. Children can develop greater capacity in any matter.Children can increase the knowledge of these subjects and to develop important skills. While Children will be able to increase capacity and confidence in expanding the range of future careers in these (The York Times Company 2010). In conclusion, school should be single sex education. The important thing is that single sex education is free from some froms of sexual harassment. Children should be allowed to be themselves, they can just be boys and not worry about girls and also girls can drop their inhibitions and begin to take risks. Moreover, children can develop better academic skills.If the teacher understands how to teach the children they will quickly feel comfortable exploring non-tradition subjects. In addition, single sex education c ould protect children from pregnancy. They can study about sex education in much more detail. Finally, if girls are not in single sex education it is more difficult for girls to have leadership skills so boys are not shown stronger performances such as music and art. Although, if children are not studying in single sex education it maximize contact with the opposite sex and others, to some extent, protect children from indulging in bad habits like.Bibliography Gill, J 2004, Beyond the great divide : single sex or coeducation? , University of New South Wales,Sydney. Keise, C 1992, Sugar and spice? : Bullying in single sex schools, Trentham Books Limited, Oakhill. Lingard, B,Martino, W & Mills,M 2009, Boys and schooling : beyond structural reform, Palgrave Macilian, London. Mullins, A 2005, The advantages of single sex education, view 17 April 2010, Rowland,R 1974, Mixed or Single sex school, Rotledge & Kegan Paul, London. The New York Times Company 2010, single sex education advantag e-the advantages of sex education, view 17 April2010,

Definition and Examples of a Coordinate Clause

Definition and Examples of a Coordinate Clause In English grammar, a coordinate clause is a  clause (i.e., a word group containing a subject and predicate) that is introduced by one of the coordinating conjunctionsmost commonly and or but. A compound sentence is made up of one or more coordinate clauses joined to the main clause. The rhetorical term for a coordinate construction is parataxis. Examples It was apple-blossom time, and the days were getting warmer. (E.B. White,  Charlottes Web. Harper, 1952)I wasnt a fan of most vegetables, but I didnt mind peas. (Gene Simmons,  Kiss, and Make-Up. Crown, 2001)They ate the dessert, and neither one mentioned the fact that it was slightly burned. (Ernest Hemingway, Christmas in Paris.  The Toronto Star Weekly, December 1923) Combining Clauses The basic unit in syntax is the clause. Many utterances consist of a single clause, but there are also rules for combining clauses into larger units. The simplest way is by using a  coordinating conjunction, and, but, so and or. These may seem rather insignificant items but they represent a vast step forward from anything we can imagine in even the most sophisticated form of animal communication, and they are probably more complex than many people realize. (Ronald Macaulay,  The Social Art: Language and Its Uses, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2006) Disconnected Coordinate Clauses in Conversation In English conversation speakers often begin their utterances with and (also with so or but) without linking these connectives to immediately preceding linguistic material, but rather to more distant topics or even to their own as yet unarticulated (and unrecoverable) perspectives. In (29) the topic of the episode in which this utterance occurs concerns one of the participants consistently getting sick when he travels in Mexico. In this example, the speakers and is making reference to the whole discourse, not to a specific preceding utterance. (29) and you both eat the same things? (D12-4)   (Joanne Scheibman,  Point of View and Grammar: Structural Patterns of Subjectivity in American English Conversation. John Benjamins, 2002)

Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastics

Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastics PET plastics or polyethylene terephthalate is used in many different products. The properties of PET makes it ideal for a number of different uses and these advantages make it one of the most common plastics available today. Understanding more about the history of PET, as well as the chemical properties, will allow you to appreciate this plastic even more. In addition, most communities recycle this type of plastic, which allows it to be used again and again. What are the chemical properties of PET? PET Chemical Properties This plastic is a thermoplastic resin of the polyester family and is commonly used in many different products, including synthetic fibers. It can exist in both a transparent and a semi-crystalline polymer, depending upon the processing and thermal history. Polyethylene terephthalate is a polymer that is formed by combining two monomers: modified ethylene glycol and purified terephthalic acid. PET can be modified with additional polymers as well, making it acceptable and usable for other uses. History of PET The history of PET began in 1941. The first patent was filed by John Whinfield and James Dickson, along with their employer, the Calico Printers Association of Manchester. They based their invention on the earlier work of Wallace Carothers. They, working with others, created the first polyester fiber called Terylene in 1941, which was followed by many other types and brands of polyester fibers. Another patent was filed in 1973 by Nathaniel Wyeth for PET bottles, which he used for medicines. Advantages of PET PET offers several different advantages. PET can be found in many different forms, from semi-rigid to rigid. This is largely dependent upon its thickness. It is a lightweight plastic that can be made into a number of different products. It is very strong and has impact resistant properties as well. As far as color, it is largely colorless and transparent, although color can be added, depending upon the product that it is being used for. These advantages make PET one of the most common types of plastic that is found today. Uses of PET There are many different uses for PET. One of the most common is for drink bottles, including soft drinks and more. PET film or what is called Mylar is used for balloons, flexible food packaging, space blankets, and as a carrier for magnetic tape or backing for pressure sensitive adhesive tape. In addition, it can be formed to make trays for frozen dinners and for other packaging trays and blisters. If glass particles or fibers are added to the PET, it becomes more durable and stiffer in nature. PET is largely used for synthetic fibers, also known as polyester. PET Recycling PET is commonly recycled in most areas of the country, even with curbside recycling, which is simple and easy for everyone. Recycled PET can be used in a number of different things, including polyester fibers for carpeting, parts for cars, fiberfill for coats and sleeping bags, shoes, luggage, t-shirts, and more. The way to tell if you are dealing with PET plastic is looking for the recycling symbol with the number 1 inside of it. If you are not sure that your community recycles it, simply contact your recycling center and ask. They will be happy to help. PET is a very common type of plastic and understanding its composition, as well as its advantages and uses, will allow you to appreciate it a little bit more. You most likely have lots of products in your home that contains PET, which means that you have the opportunity to recycle and allow your product to make even more products. Chances are you will touch different PET products over a dozen times today.

Polymerase Chain Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Polymerase Chain Reaction - Essay Example Its name was coined from one of its key processes i.e. DNA polymerase. A DNA template is produced and the chain reaction that follows is the concluding part of the process. A major requirement of recombinant DNA techniques is the "availability of large quantities of specific DNA segment" (Bastianutto et al 2006). Cloning which was the preferred method involves transformation of a plasmid vector into bacteria that is then cultured. The cloning process is not as efficient as PCR in terms of amplification of DNA. In addition PCR can allow the generation of millions of copies of DNA from a single or few pieces. PCR occurs in stages, the Initialization, Denaturation, Annealing, Extension/elongation, Final elongation. The Initialization step involves heating to 94-96C. After the heating stage, Denaturation produces a single DNA strand. This is caused by breaking the hydrogen bonds between DNA strands, thus causing the melting of the DNA template and primers. Temperature is lowered during the annealing step. Here primers are bound to the single stranded DNA template by the polymerase. At the Extension/elongation the DNA polymerase produces a new DNA strand by adding dNTPs. The last PCR cycle is the Final elongation, the step is done to ensure that all single stranded DNA are fully extended.

Rape in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Rape in America - Essay Example This figure translates to an incidence rate of 64.8 victims of forcible rate for every 100,000 women and girls (FBI, 2003). The report also states that around 91 percent of these victims suffered rapes by force while 9 percent reported experiencing forcible rape attempts by another person. Although definitions of rape in every society, culture and nationality varies and considered very complex, the law provides basic situations or conditions for the commission of this crime. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), established in the 1960s, defines rape as "forced sexual intercourse including both psychological coercion as well as physical force. Forced sexual intercourse means vaginal, anal, or oral penetration by the offender" (Kilpatrick, 2004). "The Federal Criminal Code of 1986 has a different definition of rape. It does not use the term rape per se but uses aggravated sexual abuse instead. According to this law, there are two types of aggravated sexual abuse. These are (1) aggravated sexual abuse by force or threat of force and (2) aggravated sexual abuse by other means". (Title 18, Chapter 109A, Sections 2241-2233). The first type involves the use of force or threat such as death, injury or detention to coerce a person into sexual activity. The second type includes rendering the victim unconscious through force or other means such as alcohol or drugs in order to engage into a sexual act (Title 18, Chapter 109A, Sections 2241-2233). The National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) on the other hand clearly defined the nature and limits of rape in their assessment of U.S. adult women from 1995-1996. There were five instances or conditions in their questionnaire which can be considered as an act of rape. The first is the use of force or threat to victim or persons close to the victim in order to have sex which involves putting a penis in the victim's vagina. The second is the use of force or threat to victim or persons close to the victim to have oral sex. The third is the use of force or threat to victim or persons close to the victim to have anal sex. The third is the use of force or threat to victim or persons close to the victim to put the offender's finger inside the victim's vagina or anus. The last condition includes the above four acts but without actual penetration (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). In the social or psychological science, rape is defined as forcing sexual activity on a person who objects or withholds consent or, in other words, sexual activity devoid of consent and against the person's will. This paper aims to assess the applicability of the narcissistic theory in the commission of rape and the psychology of rapists. Narcissistic Theory The narcissistic theory was presented by several psychologists including S. Freud, C. Lasch, O. Kernberg and H. Kohut to name a few. Narcissism was based from the name of a Greek mythology character called Narcissus who fell in love with his own reflection on the water's surface. Narcissism, simply put, is used to refer to self-love or self-admiration (John & Robins, 1994; Rhodewalt et al., 1998; Morf & Rhodewalt, 1993). Freud's adaptation of the term found healthy and pathologic applications of narcissism in his psychodynamic theories while Kohut defines it as a mental illness caused by a defective upbringing resulting to excessive love of oneself and disregard for other persons. Lasch

MPH503, Infertility and Public Health, Mod 3 SLP Essay

MPH503, Infertility and Public Health, Mod 3 SLP - Essay Example It can be assured from evaluating what was in the program, whether or not it met all the standards but the only way to know for sure that the information was absorbed is to in some way ask, and a post test answers those questions. Secondly, it is needed to know whether or not the instructors established a rapport with the audience (Griscli & Jacono, 2007). This can be known early by assigning someone to watch the reaction of the audience during the education. If the speaker does not engage the audience, they will not appreciate and learn the material involved. This is also very important in participant satisfaction. Other things that need to be determined are participant satisfaction, whether the participant felt that the objectives were met, and participant relevance. These thing can be best determined by a survey given to the participants at the end of the program asking questions directly related to this (Chambers, 2008). It is a good idea to not give the credit for attendance until the test and survey are completed. This will give you better information. The one item that is difficult to evaluate is "are they able to take this information back to their units and put it into practice?" Leaders are finding this to be the most difficult answer to get. There are some ideas, such as having supervisors evaluate the use of the information or evaluating practice to determine if the newer ideas have been added. Any of these things are quite difficult and quite controversial at this time, however. This leads us to the recommendation that there be more concentrated study on how to insure that educational programs are used as well as learned. Though our program has traditional objectives, there may be a need to change how those objectives are written (buinesstraining) and how they are evaluated. In conclusion, evaluation of educational

Importance of Environmental Care in Business

Importance of Environmental Care in Business The partners There are numerous significant choices which were touched base at when the unexpected mishap happened. The events and occasions that took place amid the occurrence ended the life of various people. The partners, for this situation, involve each who was influenced by the activities that happened amid the mishap. This incorporate; workers of Amtrak, the organization itself, its clients who were on the prepare, the railroad line proprietors, the holder of the towboat, the team and the skipper of the watercraft, the administration manufacturer of the scaffold, and the drift watch. The interests of the partners There are different advantages that the partners specified had. One of the interests is that they expected arrangement of security and insurance. Because representatives, their enthusiasm for the association is that they ought to be given generous compensations which coordinate with the administrations which they offer in the gathering. Additionally, employer stability and fulfillment is another intrigue which the specified partners may have towards the association. For the administration, its advantage is to guarantee that the representatives are ensured and that the specialists are shielded from any unsafe demonstrations. Additionally, the legislature has an enthusiasm for ensuring that the workers are not abused. The vast part of the corporate social duty falls under Amtrak since it is the primary partners. In any case, different partners had a role to play in regards to corporate social obligation. There are four angles which relate to the corporate social responsibility of the various partners amid the event of the mishaps. These incorporate; moral, legitimate, monetary and magnanimous. Corporate social duty In the ethical viewpoint, Amtrak has a social duty of guaranteeing that the social group where the occurrence happened is adjusted. After the mischance, it is the responsibility of the association to ensure that all individuals who were influenced unintentionally are paid. Additionally, they ought to make sure that the requirements of different people are met. Additionally, Amtrak ought to work towards upgrading its open connections. It ought to likewise put new decides that will restrain the event of the mischance. The administration additionally has one of the partners has a part to play in regards to the episode. Since it is entrusted with the obligation of securing the representatives, it ought to work towards observing if Amtrak has utilized qualified faculty in the association to guarantee that the clients are given sufficient administrations. In the lawful angles, there are a variety of aspects that ought to be put into thought. Amtrak ought to consider researching the reason for the crash. In that capacity, it ought to remunerate the families whose individuals kicked the bucket in the mischance. It ought to likewise react to the claims that are probably going to develop after the event of the crash. In the episode, it is apparent to illustrate that the reason for the mishap was not strikingly discovered. This is because the tugboat commander and the individual in charge of working the train were not in charge of the crash. Despite the way that the association was not lawfully in charge of the event of the mishap, it ought to assume its part of repaying its representatives. The administration likewise has a legitimate obligation of guaranteeing that the property of the people required in the mischance is not altered. In the financial perspective, Amtrak has a duty of ensuring both its partners and stockholders. Uniquely, the proprietors of the association who are the stockholders are probably going to be influenced more therefore of the mishap. All things considered, they will be changed with respect to back. Hence it is the duty of Amtrak to guarantee that the proprietors, representatives and the travelers are protected. The travelers ought to likewise be adjusted. Since Amtrak shapes a huge part of the financial cosmetics of the U.S, the occurrence is probably going to influence the stock exchange. It is, in this way, primary that the association guarantees that it concocts stringent measures to keep away from the unsettling power of the market and losing of significant financial specialists from the monetary structure. Concerning liberal perspective, it will-will fit for the administration, proprietors of Amtrak, the clients, and all the specified partners to hold hands and think of a philanthropy store that will help in the financing of the people who endured the tragedy. Moreover, an activity they ought to cooperate in helping the encompassing group. Conclusions and proposals Summarily, it is fundamental to bring up that the partners required in the occurrence activities in reacting to the social obligation to the encompassing group. From the perspectives recorded over the partners ought to guarantee that every one of them has a generous impact in alleviating the dangers related with the mischance. Additionally, they ought to ensure that they errand all the conceivable measures that will help in decreasing the risks of mishap event. Consequently, they ought to guarantee that the legal, moral, monetary and generous viewpoints. All things considered the partners will assume their parts in corporate social duty. References Halbert, T. (2015). Law and Ethics in the Business Environment, 8th Edition. [Kaplan]. Retrieved from https://kaplan.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781305483125/, Garner, A. Huff, W. (1997). The Wreck of Amtraks Sunset Limited: News Coverage of a Mass Transport Disaster. Disasters, 21(1), 4-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00041

Marxist Cultural Theory Essay -- Film Review, Adorno on Cinema

This chapter examines two forms of practice that communicate messages from a group or an individual to the public, cultural production and political public speaking in the light of Marxist cultural theories. The review of writings about the practice of art by mid-20th century Marxist thinkers makes one thing clear - aesthetic utterances by artists and cultural figures fulfil a role in the political and social discourse and the importance of this role within the context of class struggle must not be ignored. The role of aesthetics as viewed by Marxist theorists such as Adorno and Horkheimer is to educate and inspire the public to live a life more worthy of living. (Adorno, 2006, p. 39) This chapter argues that cultural practitioners have a responsibility to encourage the public to confront their social and political conflicts. Two methods of assuming this responsibility are discussed. First is the claim that a political message in an artwork is to be communicated without attempting to create an emotional anchor for the public to identify with. This method, primarily expounded by Brecht, sees the political message as the most important aspect of the work; thus it is crucial that the public receives it and does not get distracted. The second approach, as envisaged by Lukà ¡cs, supports a representation of reality which allows an audience to relate to and identify with the political messages. The emotional connection is presented in this concept as essential to the successful transmission of an idea, as human beings relate more easily to topics they can connect to emotionally. These two methods are discussed in the chapter in relation to the conveyance of political messages through aesthetics, not strictly in the art world, but also ... ... also art which is popular and pleasurable, not just art which has a politically 'correct' line. Indeed to be politically correct, art must be pleasurable and accessible.' (Lovell, 1980, p. 77) Brecht saw art as a verb. He saw a social revolution as inevitable and believed art should be more than affirming to the current state of affairs. The artist's role is to bring social change through pushing the public into a critical thought process, and that is achieved by producing daring, experimental and confrontational work, not only in the subject matter but in the form as well. Brecht viewed the existing form of art practice as supporting the social status quo rather than revolution. He developed his model of the Epic Theatre following his analysis of the bourgeois theatre and singling out the elements in this form that were not serving revolutionary enough messages.

William and Ziner Comparson

Caleb Marshall Patricia Bjorklund English 111 February, 25 2013 Zinsser and Bird Compare and Contrast Paper William Zinsser is the author of â€Å"College Pressures†, and Caroline Bird is the author of â€Å"College is a Waste of Time and Money†. William Zinsser and Caroline Bird both introduce essays that tell the life of everyday college students and the problems they face while being a student in today’s College University. No matter what we view the hardest problem to deal with college. â€Å"College Pressures†, By William Zinsser Is an essay about the everyday life, troubles and problems of a College student.William talks about the challenges of college and how students react to the new environment that they must deal with when applying and going to college. The pressures of just applying to College can be enough to dishearten the potential student to apply to college. When College’s only taka certain number of students a year, it makes the odd s of getting in to schools like Yale and Harvard almost impossible. The actual odds are some 34%, for the Schools such as Harvard. Students get into college and sometimes fined that they are not prepared for college by any means.Students steadily fall behind on their school work and find themselves in a hole they can’t get out of. With people worried about getting into a good college to find a good job in the world, it’s making getting into college that much harder to do. Students that make it into college find that after they get out of college they are in debt before they have started to make any money for themselves. The Pressures of college can be great, although students seem to strive every day and push through the hardships that they receive. College is a waste of time and money†, by Caroline Bird is an essay about how college is something that everyone doesn’t need. Bird talks about how some students are forced to attend college when its’ no t really what the student wants to do by any means. Students have had the same phrase put into their head over and over again while growing up go to College and get a degree, so you can get a good job. Bird says throughout her essay that college seems like a great idea, but in fact it’s the opposite of that.In Both essays college is something that not all students are ready for, that all students are not able to do. The Problems that college students face in both essays are not always just felt in college; they can also be felt all the way through school. Although both authors hit on the topic that college has its own problems, they also differ in their opinion on the problems. Zinsser says that there are problems that can be dealt with were as Bird has a more opinionated stance on the problems with today’s colleges.

Battle at the Pumps: Is there a solution for increasing prices?

Remember when Grandpa used to tell stories of how gasoline cost $0. 10 a gallon when he first started driving? We laughed at the thought of anything costing less than a dollar, but with today’s national average for gas sitting at $3. 00 a gallon, the 300% price increase is no laughing matter (Benton, 2007).If the price for gas continues to increase at the rate it is now, our children will be the one’s finding humor in our silly rants of paying $90. 00 to fill our SUV tanks. Gas hikes and price gouging are issues that most Americans would rather not be associated with.Nevertheless, we all still have jobs to go to and errands to run. So, while some argue that the price increases are just a part of inflation, there are more arguing that gas pricing is a game of politics. Either way, we all will continue to pay what we have to go get from point A to point B. Targeting when gas hikes became such a hot issue dates back to the infamous â€Å"Katrina† disaster in August of 2005. In addition to the catastrophic storm, many claim that politics also play a part in price determination.Whatever the reason, a solution must be sought. Thankfully, there are a few solution-seekers out there who are actively searching for ways to make living in the days of $3. 00 plus per gallon a bit more tolerable, albeit still an, ah-hem, unpleasant issue. Collaborations between companies, innovations in vehicles, and vehicle purchasing incentives are all ways businesses are working together to keep the bitterness at bay. Nevertheless, many of us won’t be happy until we are completely dependent on our own resources for the precious commodity.So, while we will never see the same prices Grandpa paid for gasoline in our lifetime, reviewing the causes and finding solutions are the only ways we will avoid taking out a second mortgage just to put gas in the cars. Immediately after Hurricane Katrina, Americans panicked, and fearful gas retailers began a practice that was, for the most part, unheard of. Lines of gasoline-starved automobiles Battle at the Pumps 3 parked themselves at gas pumps, struggling to get every last drop of gas available before it was â€Å"all gone†.Rumors of depleted gas barrel supply sent small town gasoline retailers, as well as few big city retailers into gouging mode. Within hours, prices went from $2. 00 to just over $3. 00 a gallon in states such as Texas and Louisiana, the states closest to the disaster (AP, 2005). Another spark contributing to the gas fire blazing at the pumps is the claim that election years tend to send gas prices into a rollercoaster pattern: down before elections, and up after elections. In fact, Joe Benton of ConsumerAffairs. com writes that pre-election gas prices averaged $2.50 a gallon, and that gas prices â€Å"are sure to rise again†¦right after the midterm elections† (2006). Mr. Benton was correct. Just after the elections the national average for gas prices increased 12. 5 cents in December, and has steadily continued to rise. Though the decrease is unexplainable, rest assured that the elections have nothing to do with it. If they were the reason for the decreased gas prices, however, most Americans would vie for monthly elections! Unfortunately, for the disgruntled, the days paying less than $2. 00 a gallon for gasoline are long gone.In fact, we drivers, bus riders, airline passengers and taxi goers must continue the suffrage, as melees to locate the best gas source is continued. Until one is found, companies, manufacturers and even the government are giving a go at attempts to soften the blows of outrageously priced â€Å"petro†. The battle of fair gas prices has produced an effort among many to seek ways around getting hosed at the pump. For example, John Wakefield of Murphy Oil Corporation, states that Murphy USA’s goal is to â€Å"be a low cost provider to the communities [they] serve† (2006).To comply with this statement, Murphy USA has collaborated with discount retailer, Wal-Mart, in order to offer a minimum of a three-cent discount for those who purchase fuel with a Wal-Mart gift card. This allows Murphy USA to maintain its position in offering a below average price for Battle at the Pumps 4 gasoline throughout the nation (Wakefield, 2006). Additionally, manufacturers, such as Ford and Chevy, have joined in the labors of providing an alternative for gas guzzling vehicles. Their answer to the gas price dilemma has been to increase promotion of hybrid and flex-fuel vehicles.Hybrid vehicles, although in existence for many years, have become a popular choice for saving dollars at the pump, as have flex-fuel vehicles. Hybrid vehicles combine both the gasoline-powered and electric powered sources under the hood in order to increase the distance between fill-ups, which, in turn, saves one from filling up as often as with a strictly gas-powered vehicle (Layton, 2007) Similarly, flex-fuel vehicles (FFV), which have been around for a number of years as well, are also designed to combine power sources in order save on gasoline usage.In the FFV case, a combination of gasoline and E85 fuel work together to increase the number of miles driven between fill-ups, resulting in dollars saved (USDoE, 2007). The down side to both types of vehicles, however, is that they both cost a pretty penny, which brings us back to where we started: angry about spending mega-bucks just to drive. On the contrary, there is an up-side to the hybrid vehicle: The government offers a tax credit to those who purchase a hybrid (USDoE, 2007).That’s great†¦if you can afford the high price tag attached to the hybrid. But if you can’t, what else is the government doing to ensure that we don’t go bankrupt at the pumps? Though they sometimes seem like the bad guys, the government is making attempts to keep Americans from going into boxing matches with gas station attendants. Along with offering incentives to those who choose to finance or straight-out purchase hybrid vehicles, they are also looking out for the little people†¦those who can’t afford to pay the $4.00 per gallon price tag that has become a frequenter of many gas stations across America post Katrina. Price gouging, or pricing above the market when demand increases, was a practice few were aware of before Battle at the Pump 5 August of 2005. However, when disaster struck, gas retailers took action, regardless of who it would affect. Soon, consumers were left with no where to turn and had no choice but to pay for overpriced fuel. Thankfully â€Å"Super Government† with its flowing red, white and blue cape came to our rescue, regulating pricing among gas retailers.Although there is no law against price gouging, suspicious pricing will entail an investigation. In August 2005, the Energy Department created a hotline for people who fell victim to price gouging (Pope, 2005). Though efforts have been made, without a law to formally enforce a â€Å"no price gouging allowed† law, the problem, though not as wide spread as it had been initially, still exists. Gradually, as demand has continues to outweigh the supply of gasoline available, price gouging has sneakily made itself an accepted practice.Investigations pending for suspected price gougers, the government is also seeking ways for America to become less dependent on international sources to keep America on the roads and in the air. As we wearily trudge to the pumps prepared to sacrifice our limbs just for a few gallons of gas, alternatives are being sought in order to use domestic sources for fuel. Biodiesel, a renewable fuel derived from sources such as vegetable oils and recycled restaurant greases, is just one of the alternative fuels being researched for common use among Americans.In May of 2005, President Bush announced that efforts in making Biodiesel a main source for fuel were in the works, and estimated that by 2010, our country will become solely dependent on itself to fuel our vehicles, planes and trains (Bush, 2005). Upon receiving the news, farmers across America gained new hope in assisting in the effort to solve the ongoing problem of finding fuel alternatives. But one can’t help but wonder: What about those folks who can’t afford to transition into a vehicle that runs on the fuel alternatives soon to be available?This is, indeed, has the Battle at the Pumps 6 potential to cripple hopes of becoming domestically dependent. Look around the next time you are on the road and you will see cars dating back to the early 60’s and beyond. For some people, driving these ‘vintage’ vehicles is a choice, but for others, it is unavoidable. It makes sense to assume that if we all had the money to drive a modern day vehicle, we would. But for those people who are stuck in that 1976 beat-up Nova, gas prices are still an issue that fuel alternatives won’t so lve.Needless to say, if President Bush is determined for America to depend on ourselves for fuel, tapping into the oil sources available on our own soil is required. This, however, presents another problem: Once the soil is broken, where do those who live on the land go? The vast lands of Alaska are notorious for housing thousands of acres of untapped oil reserves. However, on those acres, life exists. Caribou, bison, bears, elk and even people inhabit these lands. For years, these habitors have been the reason that the oil reserves Alaska has to offer have gone undisturbed.Nature activists have long protested the spoiling of the majestic lands across the Artic coastline. For this, we have continued to rely on countries such as the Middle Eastern lands, for oil. Years of jokes, ridicule and mockery have been directed at presidents, past and present, as well as the government in general, for not making stronger efforts in aggressively utilizing this land, regardless of who is affecte d. With pretty much no choice, President Bush proposed a plan to break ground along the Artic coastline in order to make use of the untapped oil lying beneath the thick blankets of frozen land and fluffed snow (Rosen, 2003).There continues, as expected, to be protests against the efforts, to include the protests of the Inupiat Eskimos, who strongly feel that none of the villages in this region of Alaska will support the proposed project. Ultimately, someone is going to be unhappy. Battle at the Pump 7 To those who have decided to put on party hats in celebration of the anticipated Alaskan oil tapping project: don’t mess up your ‘do’s just yet. The future in gas pricing will continue a long time pattern that Grandpa, Grandma, Dad and Mom have all had the unpleasant chore of experiencing.The crystal ball of gas prices forecasts continued increases. While the rise may not be in fuel pricing, many will feel the impact of whatever solution is utilized to control this currently uncontrollable nuisance. While scientists are doing their best to resolve all issues with fuel alternatives, some alternatives, such as hydrogen, will pose an earlier predicted problem: older vehicles would have to undergo a complete replacement of their fueling systems. Alas, the efforts to seek out solutions must continue.Though many efforts have been made to resolve the long time issue of inflated gas prices, as weeks go by, Americans resume the struggle with unfair gouging and seemingly unnecessary price hikes. It seems almost impossible to consider the alternatives of spending money on gas†¦heaven forbid we actually walk anywhere. Unfortunately, this horrible predicament we’ve found ourselves in appears to be without light. The only way to pleasantly endure the task of spending money is to†¦well†¦spend money.To ensure that we survive this rain cloud, we can either cross our fingers for monthly elections (for the benefit of price drops), or we can purchase hybrid vehicles, stop in at the local Wal-Mart to purchase a gift cards, and gas up at Murphy USA. So, although solutions are being attempted, before you visit the gas pumps, be prepared to give up your first born child. References: 1. $3. 00 Gas Spreads to 7 States, D. C. (April 27, 2007) ConsumerAffairs. com: Benton, J. April 27, 2007. http://www. consumeraffairs. com/news04/2007/04/gas_prices141. html 2. Bush plans on drilling in untapped Alaskan oil reserve.(Dec. 13, 2003) Reuters: Rosen, Y. April 27, 2007. http://www. commondreams. org/headlines03/1213-03. htm 3. Congress moves to outlaw gas gouging. (Sept. 19, 2005) SeattlePI. com: Pope, C. April 27, 2007. http://seattlepi. nwsource. com/national/241244_gouging19. html 4. Election loom; gas prices drop. (Sept. 13, 2006) ConsumerAffairs. com: Benton, J. April 27, 2007. http://www. consumeraffairs. com/news04/2006/09/big_oil. html 5. Flex-Fuel Vehicles. (2007) FuelEconomy. Gov: US Dept. of Energy (USDoE) April 27, 2007 . http://www. fueleconomy. gov/feg/flextech. shtml 6.Gov urges gas-price investigation. (Sept. 21, 2005) CBS News: Associated Press (AP). April 27, 2007 http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2005/09/21/katrina/main870784. shtml 7. How hybrid cars work. (2007) HowStuffWorks, Inc. : Layton, J & Nice, K. April 27, 2007. http://auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car. htm 8. Murphy USA Refining and Marketing. (2006) Murphy Oil Corporation: Wakefield, J. April 27, 2007. http://murphyusa. com/rm/retail/ 9. President discusses biodiesel. (2005) The White House: Bush, G. W. April 28, 2007. http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2005/05/20050516. html