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How Do The Contributions Of Animal Testing To Global Medical

How do the contributions of animal testing to global medical science justify whether or not it should be banned? According to the Humane Society International (HSI), animal testing or animal experimentation for medical research refers to the experimentation on live animals for the purposes of investigation on diseases, medical treatments, or fundamental biology. Charles Gross, a former member of the History of Neuroscience committee of the global Society for Neuroscience, states that animals were used for improving medical knowledge even during the 2nd century when Galen, a Greek physician, utilized pigs for experimentation. Galen’s research led to a better understanding of how the brain and heart function in Western Europe (Gross).†¦show more content†¦The NEAVS demonstrates that animal testing is often unsuccessful by reporting that 95% of all cancer drugs that work on animals fail in human testing (â€Å"Limitations†). The NEAVS further argues that sometimes drugs produced from animal experimentation actually harm humans as they report that an arthritis drug, Vioxx, wa s deemed safe by animal studies but was taken back in 2004 after causing 60,000 deaths in the US (â€Å"Limitations†). As shown, the NEAVS primarily argues that animal experimentation should be banned because it often fails to benefit humans (â€Å"Limitations†). Although the NEAVS poses strong information as to why animal testing is ineffective, information published by the NEAVS might only pose the negatives of animal testing as the organization works to end animal experimentation (â€Å"Limitations†). Gill Langley, a British scientist, agrees with the NEAVS that the high failure rate of animal testing proves that it should be banned. She supports her argument by stating that 100% of the AIDS vaccines developed using chimpanzees and monkeys failed to work in humans (Langley). Langley demonstrates the unsuccessfulness of animal testing by reporting that within 97 drugs for stroke that have passed animal tests, only two work.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Pros and Co ns of Animal Testing2125 Words   |  9 PagesPro Animal Testing Animal testing has become a wide contribution in medical field in order to find new treatment, developing new medicines and improving the existing ones as well as testing the safety and effectiveness of new medicines. Some medicines development is depending on animal research, for instances, vaccines and insulin for diabetes and kidney transplants. However, there are many diseases that their cures are still undiscovered yet and one of them is AIDS (Tanir, 2012). Frankie L. TrullRead MoreAnimal Testing Is A Significant Controversy Across The Nation Essay2191 Words   |  9 PagesAnimal testing is a substantial controversy across the nation. According to Rush, Catherine M. et al. â€Å"Animal Models to Investigate the Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Heart Disease.† Frontiers in Pediatrics 2 (2014): 116. PMC. Web. 27 Oct. 2016., animal testing has been around for quite some time. Her article states that â€Å"Animals have been used repeatedly throughout the history of biomedical res earch. Early Greek physician-scientists, such as Aristotle, (384 – 322 BC) and Erasistratus, (304 – 258 BC)Read More Embryonic Stem Cells Research Essays2785 Words   |  12 Pagesof the fetus. In this paper we are going to discuss the total aspect meaning: how the government takes playThe intention of this research paper is to inform about the benefits of animal testing for humankind through the development of medical treatments and the quality of life throughout history. Also try to persuade the society that is opposed to this practice about the many positive factors that has given us the animal experiments in the battle against diseases and conditions. By which today areRead MoreTechnology and Social Change in Healthcare1606 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal perspective as well as a social perspective. A good example would be the invention of the Internet and how it has changed the way people and corporations function in society. Over the past several years the technological growth and availability of laptops, computers, cellular phones and the Internet have changed society and how we function on a daily basis. Parents can use Global Positioning System also known as GPS on their devices to keep track of their children as well as â€Å"on the go† conferenceRead MoreIdentify the Mission, Values and Key Objectives of an Organization of Your Choice and Assess the Influence of Stakeholders4521 Words   |  19 Pagesnatural products and they are against animal cruelty. They use plants resources wisely. The body shop is different because of their values. Ms Dame Anita roddick, was a human rights activist and the founder of the body shop. 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The invention of basic tools and the revelation of how to effectively use those tools led to further development in the understanding of how certain genes are inherited. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is credited with being the first to use microscopes to examine living organisms, and eventually concluded that the sperm and egg were the means by which

Gangs Essay Research Paper GANGS free essay sample

Gangs Essay, Research Paper GANGS Gangs are a violent world that people have to cover within today # 8217 ; s metropoliss. What has made these groups come about? Why do childs experience that being in a pack is both an acceptable andprestigious manner to populate? The long scope reply to thesequestions can merely be speculated upon, but in the short termthe replies are much easier to happen. On the surface, gangsare a direct consequence of human existences # 8217 ; personal wants and peerpressure. To find how to efficaciously stop pack force wemust happen the manner that these ethical motives are given to the person. Unfortunately, these can merely be hypothesized. However, bylooking at the manner worlds are influenced in society, I believethere is good grounds to indicate the incrimination at severalinstitutions. These include the forces of the media, thegovernment, theater, drugs and our economic system. On the surface, packs are caused by equal force per unit area andgreed. Many teens in packs will coerce equals into becomingpart of a pack by doing it all sound glamourous. Money is alsoan important factor. A child ( a 6-10 twelvemonth old, who is non yet amember ) is shown that s/he could do $ 200 to $ 400 for smallpart clip pack occupations. Although these are of import factors theyare non strong plenty to do childs make things that are stronglyagainst their ethical motives. One of the ways that childs ethical motives are dead set so that gangviolence becomes more acceptable is the influence of televisionand films. The mean child spends more clip at a Television thanshe/he spends in a schoolroom. Since cipher can wholly turnoff their heads, childs must be larning something while watchingthe Television. Very few hours of telecasting watched by kids areeducational, so other thoughts are being absorbed during this periodof clip. Many shows on telecasting today are highly violentand are frequently shown this from a pack # 8217 ; s position. A normaladult can see that this is demoing how insultingly that packs areliving. However, to a kid this portrays a violent gangexistance as acceptable. # 8216 ; The Ends Justifies the Means # 8217 ; outlook is besides taught through many shows where the # 8220 ; goodyguy # 8221 ; captures the # 8220 ; bad cat # 8221 ; through force and is so beingcommended. A immature kid sees this a absolutely acceptablebecause he knows that the # 8220 ; bad cat # 8221 ; was incorrect but has no ideaof what acceptable apprehensiveness techniques are. Gore in telecasting besides takes a large portion in influencingyoung heads. Children see bloodstained scenes and are fascinated bythese things that they have non seen before. Older viewing audiences seegore and are non concerned with the blood but instead with thepain the victim must experience. A younger head doesn # 8217 ; Ts make thisconnection. Thus a Gore captivation is formed, and has beenseen in several of my equals. Unfortunately childs raised wit hthis kind of telecasting terminal up turning up with a strongerpropensity to going a violent pack member or # 8216 ; violent-acceptant # 8217 ; individual. # 8220 ; Gangs bring the delinquent norms of society intointimate contact with the individual. # 8221 ; 1, ( Marshall B Clinard,1963 ) . So, as you can see if Television leads a kid to believe thatviolence is the norm this will attest itself in the actions ofthe child rather, frequently in a pack state of affairs. This is particularly thecase when parents don # 8217 ; t pass a batch of clip with their childs atthe Television explicating what is right and what is incorrect. Quite oftennewer books and some types of music will implement this type ofthought and thoughts. Once this outlook is installed in childs they becomeincreasingly prone to being easy pushed into a pack state of affairs byany job at place or elsewhere. For case, in poorfamilies with many kids or upper-middle category households whereparents are ever working, the kids will frequently experience deprivedof love. Parents can frequently experience that seting nutrient on the tableis adequate love. Children of these households may frequently travel to thegang foremost out of ennui and to belong someplace. As timegoes on, a signifier of love or affinity develops between the gangmembers and the kid. It is so that the bond between thekid and the pack is completed because the pack has effectivelytaken the topographic point of the household. The new anti societal construction of metropoliss besides effects theease in which a boy/girl can fall in a pack. # 8221 ; The formation ofgangs in metropoliss, and most late in suburbs, is facilitated by the same deficiency of community among parents. The parents do notknow what their qi ldren are doing for two reasons: First, muchof the parents’ lives is outside the local community, while thechildren’s lives are lived almost totally within it. Second, in afully developed community, the network of relations gives everyparent, in a sense, a community of sentries who can keep himinformed of his child’s activities. In modern living-places (cityor suburban), where such a network is attenuated, he no longerhas such sentries.†2, (Merton Nisbet, 1971). In male gangs problems occur as each is the members triesto be the most manly. This often leads to all membersparticipating in â€Å"one-up-manship†. Quite often this will thenlead to each member trying to commit a bigger and more violentcrime or simply more crimes than the others. With all membersparticipating in this sort of activity it makes for a neverending unorganized violence spree (A sort of Clockwork Orangementality). In gangs with more intellegent members thesefeelings end up maki ng each member want to be the star whenthe groups commit a crime. This makes the gang much moreorganized and improves the morale of members which in turnmakes them more dangerous and very hard for the police to dealwith and catch (There is nothing harder to find and deal withthan organized teens that are dedicated to the group). Thissort of gang is usually common of middle or upper class peoplealthough it can happen in gangs in the projects and other lowrent districts too. This â€Å"one-up-manship† is often the reason between rivalgangs fighting. All gangs feel powerful and they want to befeared. To do this they try to establish themselves as theonly gang in a certain neighborhood. After a few gang fightshatred forms and gang murders and drive-by’s begin to takeplace. When two gangs are at war it makes life very dangerousfor citizens in the area. Less that 40% of drive-by’s killtheir intended victim yet over 60% do kill someone. This gangapplication is one of t he many reasons that sexual sterotypesand pressure to conform to the same must be stopped. Lastly one of the great factors in joining a gang is forprotection. Although from an objective point of view, we cansee joining a gang brings more danger than it saves you from,this is not always the way it is seen by kids. In slums such asthe Bronx or the very worst case, Compton, children will nodoubt be beaten and robbed if they do not join a gang. Ofcourse they can probably get the same treatment from rivalswhen in a gang. The gang also provides some money for thesechildren who quite often need to feed their families. Thereason kids think that the gang will keep them safe is frompropoganda from the gangs. Gang members will say that no onewill get hurt and make a public show of revenge if a member ishurt or killed. People in low rent areas are most often being represseddue to poverty and most importantly, race. This often resultsin an attitude that motivates the person to base his/her lifeo n doing what the system that oppresses them doesn’t want. Although this accomplishes little it is a big factor in gangenrollment. So, as you have seen gangs are a product of theenvironment we have created for ourselves. Some of thesefactors include: oppression, the media, greed, violence andother gangs. There seems to be no way to end the problem ofgangs without totally restructuring the modern economy andvalue system. Since the chance of this happening is minimal, wemust learn to cope with gangs and try to keep their followingto a minimum. Unfortunately there is no real organized forceto help fight gangs. Of course the police are supposed to dothis but this situation quite often deals with racial issues alsoand the police forces regularly display their increasing inabilityto deal fairly with these issues. What we need are more peopleto form organizations like the â€Å"Guardian Angels† a gang-likegroup that makes life very tough for street gangs that arebreaking laws. BibliographyMargot Webb, Coping with Street Gangs. Rosen Publishing Group,New York, 1990. William Foote Whyte, Street Corner Society. University ofChicago, Chicago, 1955. Peter Carroll, South-Central. Hoyte and Williams, L. A., 1987. 1 Marshall B. Clinard, Sociology of Deviant Behavior. Universityof Wisconsin, Wisconsin, 1963, Page 179. 2 Merton Nisbet, Contempory Social Problems. Harcourt, Brace World, New York, 1971, Page 588.

Treating Students Fairly free essay sample

I think it makes much more sense to treat all learners differently. I think of it as a parent. If I have 4 children it is my responsibility to address each child’s needs. You can raise all children in the same home and they will all 4 walk away with a different experience and interpretation of what went on. I see the classroom the same way. A relationship should be built from the beginning. This way the students know that everyone in the classroom has different needs and I will do my best to meet them all. There is no favoritism just fairness. This has to be explained and revisited throughout the school year. There is a definite overrepresentation of African Americans in special education. I think the contributing factors are their environment, some not all are coming from single parent households and the value of education has to be examined. I think it is a sad state of affairs. We will write a custom essay sample on Treating Students Fairly or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Children who misbehave are not necessarily behavior problems. I think the genetics are different from African Americans and their counterparts. The diet is different as is the influences around them. More needs to be done to stop this but it won’t be easy. To start with a culturally responsive classroom I think there should be some ground rules set. Different cultures should be explored and discussed as a class. That would be best practice. In addition there should be pictures that reflect diversity around the classroom. Behavior and motivation will follow suit if addressed early. I think the students will see how the teacher responds and in turn respond the same way.