M. Butterfly Gender Roles And Power Essay - 1237 Words

The play M Butterfly highlights gender roles and power in a subtler way than in the film, M. Butterfly. The movie changes the timeline and thus the role of â€Å"Butterfly† has more depth because we see more of her interacting with Gallimard. Gallimard and Song undergo a role reversal navigating through the realities and fantasies of each other that are never part of the same one. Gallimard assumes the cultural stereotypes of this inferior culture and expects Song to fulfill this role while still also being devoted to him. The last scene of this play and movie changed the overall feeling of the two main characters and their other identities. The film and play address the intentions behind Song’s mission differently, in the book Song seems more calculating and comes across as teasing Gallimard and less desperate than in the film. The confrontation between Song and Gallimard adds to the final breakdown of reality versus fantasy. Towards the end of play, Gallimard stands before the court and sees Song for the first time as a man. Song gives unheard testimony while Gallimard talks to the audience as he observes the man that was once his â€Å"butterfly.† Gallimard no longer sees the woman he fell in love with in the testimony box. The glass has shattered on this fantasy he had of her. â€Å"You’re only in my mind! All this is in my mind! I order you! To stop!† (Hwang 87) Gallimard’s ideal woman always was partially based off of cultural and gender stereotypes. Gallimard assumedShow MoreRelatedOrientalism in M. Butterfly1278 Words   |  6 Pagesexpressed by a portion of the male population. This stereotype is a part of orientalism that continues to be discussed amongst today’s society; it is deemed odd or labeled as a fetish. M. Butterfly a Tony Award playwright written by David Henry Hwang consists of ideas related to orientalism through the layers developed in gende r identity, global politics and art forms. The play begins in the present 1988 with Rene Gallimard sitting in a Paris prison. Gallimard declares himself as a celebrity, and relishesRead MoreThe Oriental And Gender Stereotype1230 Words   |  5 Pagesindy Coronado March 2, 15 HILD 7B A10923676 TA: Josh Newton 1:00-1:50 The Oriental and Gender Stereotype M.Butterfly, an opera by David Huang, is recognized as a reexamination of John Luther Long’s Madame Butterfly. During the beginning of the 20th century, Asian and Asian Americans were often perceived to a collective stereotype. Well-defined differences between the American Westerner and the Oriental are undermined in both of these readings as â€Å"the west† is seen as the more masculine region andRead MoreStereotypes in M. Butterfly Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of cultural stereotypes and misconceptions thematically runs throughout David Henry Hwang’s play M. Butterfly. The play is inspired by a 1986 newspaper story about a former French diplomat and a Chinese opera singer, who turns out to be a spy and a man. Hwang used the newspaper story and deconstructed it into Madame Butterfly to help breakdown the stereotypes that are present between the East and the West. Hwang’s play overall breaks down the sexist and racist clichà ©s that the East- WestRead MoreAnalysis Of M. Butterfly By David Henry Hwang Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pages M. Butterfly, by David Henry Hwang, focuses and explores on this central theme of sexism towards women in most cultures. Sexism refers to the prejudice, discrimination, or stereotyping of an individual on the basis of their sex. Throughout M. Butterfly, sexism is illustrated through the actions of the protagonist, Rene Gallimard. Aside from this, sexism is also illustrated in most of the conversations that the characters in the play exchange. David Henry Hwang explores the different stereotypesRead MoreAnalysis Of David Henry Hwangs M Butterfly1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly exemplifies three keywords that have such a greater meaning: race, gender, and orientalism. â€Å"Race is a social construction†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hwang) Junaid Rana starts her definition of race by stating it is a social construction, which in itself is mind boggling, because it is true. Race was not an issue when it came down to deciding Ozawa V. United States in 1922 or Thind V. United States in 1923. Rana then goes on to say â€Å"...In which biology and culture are often conflatedRead MoreAnalysis Of Orientalism In Rice Or Song Of Orientalism1000 Words   |  4 PagesWestern style for dominating, reconstructing, and having authority over the Orient† (Said, 3). An Orient does not choose to be oriental, someone else defines and reinforces the stereotypes that come with being oriental. Notes from a Divided Country, M. Butterfly, and The Vagrants all have traces of orientalism and through these three pieces of literature, they expand on the idea of how the label of â€Å"oriental† can be fought or conformed to. In the poem â€Å"RICE or Song of Orientalamentations† in Notes fromRead MoreRacism, Sexism, and Sexuality in M. Butterfly1149 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral points that have already been previously stated. The stereotypes mentioned in M. Butterfly are direct representations of the stereotypes mentioned in the theory. Though M. Butterfly is a major piece that has been directly known for its examples, other shows are known for such examples as well. â€Å"The highly profitable reincarnation of different version of the Butterfly story, from David Belasco’s Madame Butterfly to Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schonberg’s Miss Saigon (1989), might well embodyRead MoreWomen s Death And The King s Horseman And M. Butterfly1393 Words   |  6 PagesKing’s Horseman and M. Butterfly How are women represented and portrayed in theatrical plays? In most plays, men and women are frequently assigned stereotyped roles that make women assume passive and meek roles. Every so often, men are given the privileged to take on the role of a strong and powerful character, whereas the women took submissive roles typical of the weaker sex concept. In this essay, the role of women in the plays, Death and the Kings Horseman and M. Butterfly will be taken intoRead More Gender in Mother Courage and Her Children and M. Butterfly Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesComparing Gender in Mother Courage and Her Children and M. Butterfly    The term gender is commonly used to refer to the psychological, cultural, and social characteristics that distinguish the sexes (Cook 1). From the idea of gender such notions as gender bias and stereotyping have developed. Stereotypes have lead society to believe that a male or female should appear, act, or in more philosophical terms, be a certain way. What these gender stereotypes are and, whether or not they reallyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pageshappiness. Other characters that have faced this choice are French diplomat Rene Gallimard and opera singer Song Liling from David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly. Based loosely on true events, the play chronicles Gallimard’s doomed love story with Song, who is actually a male spy for Communist China. For twenty years, Gallimard claims he did not know of Song’s gender, yet Hwang’s covert implications support the idea both Gallimard and Song were homosexuals who h ad to hide their preferences in order to survive

Human Trafficking An Epidemic - 2920 Words

Police Struggle to Stop Human Trafficking Ever since human trafficking has become an epidemic, police have been struggling to stop it. Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt that profits from enslaving people for sexual servitude and forced labor (35). Traffickers are members of highly sophisticated networks of organized crime. Human trafficking occurs all around the world today leaving no discrimination towards anyone. Not everyone is aware of it being an issue in the United States, as opposed to many foreign countries. In the United States alone, traffickers earn up to 9.5 billion dollars yearly. Not only does human trafficking includes sex and labor, but also smuggling, which makes it the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Human trafficking affects everyone because it is a form of slavery. Slavery has been outlawed for many years and trafficking affects our children s future (Kinsley). Victims of human trafficking are women, girls, and boys, in which 80% of the victims are female. Increasingly, pregnant women are being used for their newborn babies. These babies are then sold on the black market, where the profit may be divided in between the traffickers, lawyers, doctors, border officials, and/ or anyone else involved. Traffickers often recruit children not only because of their adolescence and the likelihood of them being more vulnerable than adults, but there is also a high market for younger victims. A trafficker can make a lot of money off selling children ranging from $150,000 to $200, 000 per child. According to the United Nations Children Fund, over the past 30 years, over 30 million children have been sexually exploited through this crime. Traffickers target victims on the telephone, internet, through friends, at the mall, and in after-school programs (Facts). On the other hand, some recruit their victims by a promise of a good job in another country, abducting their victims and even being sold into t he sex trade by their own parents, husbands, or boyfriends. Such as in Leticia s case where Aurelio told her he can get her a job in the United States as a servant to a rich family, but convinced

Competition and Entrepreneurship Theory - Process - and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Competition and Entrepreneurship for Theory, Process, and Practice. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurship refers to the set of skills by which entrepreneurs design, launch and run a new business. Such kind of business usually initiates as a start-up organisation that offer a particular product or a company. Entrepreneurship involves a number of skills in order to establish the business. The present report is based on the principles of entrepreneurship as applied to opening a fast food restaurant chain in Dubai. The report outlines the market summary for the venture, the strategies and implementation summary of the business, financial plan and management summary. The discussion concludes logically by summarising the key points from the report. Fast food restaurant chains have a prosperous opportunity to expand its business in Dubai, giving entrepreneurs the open their start-up businesses. Fast food is expected to witness sales soar in the upcoming years. Entrepreneurs must appeal to the fast changing food choices of the population of Dubai as well as the tourists visiting the place. This would lead to an appeal to the consumers coming from the most income groups in the country (Begum, 2015). The fast food restaurant sector is about to get a dynamic growth in the upcoming years as reported by Smith (2016). As per the author, fast foods when sold at inexpensive rates appeal to all individuals who have a tight budget. Moreover, the population of UAE is keen on taking up a healthy diet while consuming fast food. Entrepreneurs, therefore, have the need of focusing on using organic ingredients in order to reach out to the target consumers. The number of tourists visiting the country is in millions. This implies that fast food ch ains get benefits to a great extent from the customer influx. These tourists are familiar with the fast food options available in Dubai due to the marketing campaigns on a global level. As a result of these global marketing strategies, the fast food options available in the country have succeeded in reaching out to the larger section of the population. As per the expectations of the population, the fast food industry needs to evolve itself and expand to cater the rising needs of the people (Al Qaydi, 2016). Strategy and implementation summary of the start-up business In order to start-up business, there is a requirement of suitable entrepreneurial skills. The prime skills that are required for starting up a business are leadership skills. The businesses that are successful need strong leaders who can attain the goals of the business. Entrepreneurs who have good leadership skills can motivate the team to meet the objectives of the company and bring profits. Strategic business planning skills are the second most important skills that one must possess for starting up a business. Developing a strong business plan and undertaking a robust strategic auditing are the key aspects in this field. Application of strategy in the business helps in attaining progress (Kuratko, 2016). Marketing skills are the next kind of skills warranted for successful entrepreneurship as marketing is at the core of any business. Marketing has been said to be a key skill to understand the requirement of the consumers and catering them. Proper marketing produces more profits an d generates more revenues. Skills regarding sales help in building customer relationships. Communication skills are vital in entrepreneurship as communicating effectively is the needs of all businesses. Communication with the concerned stakeholders makes the base of the business more strong and impactful. Appropriate use of verbal and nonverbal cues, in the correct context, help in establishing the proper connection with people (Drucker, 2014). Kirzner (2015) suggest that one must have the ability to raise and manage money. An entrepreneur may suffer setbacks and failures; one must, therefore, have the ability to relieve stress and remain positive. Kuratko (2016) opines that entrepreneurs care faced with challenges in the ultra-competitive world that need to be solved with the available resources in the contemporary times. The most important challenges that crop up in the way of a successful entrepreneurship career are cash flow management, hiring of employees, time management, a delegation of tasks, marketing strategy, business growth, capital, strapped budget and self-doubt. Issues regarding cash flow crop up when there is a delayed invoicing. Adequate budgeting together with planning can help in maintaining cash flow. The key to hire suitable employees is to be exclusive and recruit employees by real references. Time management is a key issue faced by most of the entrepreneurs who must create goal list with specific allotted times for each task in order to maintain a suitable balance between time and task. Delegating tasks is another key concern as individuals find it difficult to assign the appropriate task at the appropria te place. Good employees would help in outsourcing the tasks and specifying the tasks that are to be carried out. One needs to be ultra-specific about what is to be done. One must be adept at making effective marketing plans and planning the budget accordingly. Arranging for capital is a concern that can be solved by multiple methods. The best means is, however, the self-fueled growth model that enables one to fund own business ventures. Prioritising the marketing efforts is critical for combating a strapped budget. There is a need to focus on the continuous creation of new processes focusing on delegation of tasks. Having a strong support system helps in building self-confidence and eliminates self-doubt. Financial plan A number of factors are to be considered while starting a restaurant in Dubai, such as demographics, location, and finances. The unique factors direct the marketing plan, thereby forming the basis of the financial projections. 3,000,000 AED would be the start up fund required to establish the fast food restaurant. The start-up expenses to fund would be 250,000 AED while the start-up assets to fund would be 200,000 AED. Non-cash assets from start-up would be 110000 AED and the cash requirements from the start up would be 20000 AED. Management summary Irrespective of the purpose and background of setting up a business, operating successfully within any entity is not possible without careful management. Entrepreneurs face difficult times in managing the business within the boundaries a typical business has. Entrepreneurship management implies the practice of applying knowledge of entrepreneurship for increasing the effectiveness on the business venture. The risks involved in business are an economic risk, people risk, market risk, strategic risk, technical risk, and personal risk. When left unmanaged, these risks minimise the profitability of the business. All these concerns are to be solved while running a business effectively. There is a need to have knowledge of all aspects of the business, including tax laws, employment laws, labour market, and market trends (Zucchella Magnani, 2016). Uncertainty is to be embraced and accepted. The basic principles of risk management are to be abided by. Pursuing opportunities when others do n ot is the key to walk in a new direction. A lack of suitable resources must not limit the vision to run the business without any hindrance. One must perceive working with others as a good training ground (Manso, 2016). Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship requires a set of key skills in order to manage the business. The market of setting up a fast food restaurant chain in Dubai is promising. A suitable mix of leadership and management skills would lead to the success of the start-up business. Challenges faced by entrepreneurs are to be overcome to achieve new heights and fulfill the objectives of the business. References Al Qaydi, S. (2016). The Status and Prospects for Agriculture in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and their Potential to Contribute to Food Security.Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,12, 155-163. Begum, V. (2015). UAE Consumer Rejoinder Towards Mc Donald's Sales Promotional Strategy in Dubai.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,211, 61-68. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Kirzner, I. M. (2015).Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Kuratko, D. F. (2016).Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning. Manso, G. (2016). Experimentation and the Returns to Entrepreneurship.Review of Financial Studies, hhw019. Smith, A. F. (2016).Fast Food: The Good, the Bad and the Hungry. Reaktion Books. Zucchella, A., Magnani, G. (2016).International entrepreneurship: theoretical foundations and practices. Springer.

A Written Analysis on Why I Write by George Orwell Essay Example

A Written Analysis on Why I Write by George Orwell Paper George Orwell’s 1946 essay ‘Why I Write’ is enshrined with a set of innate values adhered to and advocated by Orwell himself. In recounting his personal journey in becoming a writer, Orwell enlists the underlying ideals justifying his initial motives for writing. Subsequently, it is the representation of deeply held ideals such as the innate personal connection to writing, the impact of context on a writer, the value of writing and the reasons for writing that captivate audiences and underpin the meaning of Orwell’s essay. The eudemonistic virtues exhorted by Orwell as expressed through the essay form therefore serve to represent the values and ideals shaped by his context, that are eminent within his writings. The unfailing sense of personal connection Orwell bears to writing pervades throughout the essay, and subsequently captivates the audience. Orwell’s use of personal childhood anecdotes, of where he felt â€Å"isolated and undervalued† evokes a personal connection of sympathy from the reader, and thus signifies the development of Orwell as a writer. From the opening anecdotes, where Orwell alludes to the Greek playwright ‘Aristophanes’ and the English poet ‘William Blake’ it is event that ‘writing’ remained an innate component of George Orwell’s identity and that attempts to suppress or neglect this passion would be â€Å"outraging† his true nature. Orwell argues that the essence of his writing stems from personal experience and the innate connection of he bore to literature from an early age. However, whilst Orwell does argue that writing itself must involve a self-driven personal engagement, he concedes that the development of language is influenced and shaped by other writers. We will write a custom essay sample on A Written Analysis on Why I Write by George Orwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Written Analysis on Why I Write by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Written Analysis on Why I Write by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, the use of personal anecdotes underpins the innate, personal connection that Orwell shared with writing and thus captivates the audience. The exploration of context in shaping an author’s thoughts and writings are central concerns dealt with by Orwell within the essay. Orwell’s primary motivation, albeit obscured and categorically denied in the opening of the essay, is the political cause. Orwell concludes the essay in stating that â€Å"where I lacked a political purpose that I wrote lifeless books entences without meaning, decorative adjectives and humbug generally. † However, Orwell laments the political motivation of his works to the revolutionising political sphere of his own context. The purpose of the poem in the essay however, is more so to illustrate the lingering uncertainties of war and conflict that plagued Orwell’s time. The poem reflects on the certainties of the past, whereby imagery through â€Å"A happy vicar I might have been, two hundred years ago† illustrates the changing paradigms of religion, and its subsequent impetus for conflict. The poem is indicative of the â€Å"evil time† and increasing political tensions of Orwell’s context, and places his works into perspective. Therefore in exploring his personal development as a writer, Orwell further illustrates the impact of context in shaping a writer’s works creating a sense of personal engagement with the reader. Orwell’s presentation on the value of writing through the essay establishes an emotional connection that captivates the reader. The use of imagery, through the comparison of ‘good prose’ to a ‘windowpane’ underpins the augmented message enlisted in Orwell’s Why I Write. The image of the windowpane serves as a symbol for writing as a connection between the reader, the writer and the text. Constituents of a good prose allow for the writer to connect and see clearly through the issues of the text whilst similarly, the reader is able to maintain an understanding of the writer’s motivation and reasoning for the nature of his/her works. Therefore, Orwell concludes his essay with the argument that writing needs to be able to find a sense of commonality between the reader and the writer, with his ‘great motives for writing’ providing a conceptual framework in which such a connection can be fostered. Through the essay, ‘Why I Write’ Orwell constructs a balanced tone that is both anecdotal and reflective in order to crystallise and reduce any complications in meaning. The use of a particularly precise, authentic voice stems from the actual purpose of this essay which essentially was to provide a justification to the strong and confronting political-willed nature of his works. His outspoken fervour of democratic socialism, a belief manifested from his personal disillusionment to the institutions of governance of his time causes him to maintain a concise and direct prose, in order to present an unequivocal justification for the nature of his works. The authentic directness of his prose is encapsulated in sentiments such as â€Å"I did try very hard to tell the whole truth without violating my literary instincts†. The manner of his tone illustrates Orwell’s attempts to portray his character as one of integrity towards the literary cause. Thus, Orwell attempts to maintain integrity and honesty whilst fostering an emotional connection with the reader in order to propagate his ideals of the motivation of writing. Orwell’s justification for the reasons for writing ensures that he is levelled with the reader, enabling his ideals to captivate the audience. Orwell’s classification of the ‘great motives for writing’ serves as an appreciative framework from which the reader is then able to interpret literature. Orwell felt as though whilst an author maintains a connection to his/her works, such a connection may not be endeared by the reader. Therefore, Orwell classifies the ‘motives for writing’ in order to re-establish the connection between the author, the text and the reader by providing a conceptual framework serving as the basing point for an informed interpretation of the writer’s background, and reasons for writing. A secondary purpose of this classification predominantly focuses on the ideals of writing as a universal connector of people. In conclusion, the structure of the essay in recounting a chronological and biographical development of George Orwell as a writer allows for Orwell to express his views in an unequivocal manner. Orwell seeks to foster a connection between the audience, and his concerns through the range of techniques he applies through the essay form. Subsequently, Orwell’s representation of his innate underlying values and ideals are what captivates the audience and establishes the emotional connection between the reader, the writer and the text.

All My Sons †The Story of Joe Keller

All My Sons – The Story of Joe Keller Free Online Research Papers Parenting is a very difficult job; there are no exact guidelines on how to parent. Sometimes parents just don’t know where to draw the line, and that’s exactly what happened with Joe Keller in the novel All My Sons. During WWII, Joe Keller was in charge of a plant where they made special parts to machines like planes. In order to make more money he had put on default parts which caused the deaths of 21 pilots. Instead of taking the blame he blamed it on his partner in the business and he ended up in jail. â€Å"When you get older, you like to feel you accomplished something. My only accomplishment is my son.† This is a quote from Joe, it shows that he was into his family and wanted the best for them no matter what it took. Joe uses the excuse of doing it all for his son so that he could have a better life but a little extra money won’t make things that much better. It seems that Joe is just trying to live his life through his son. But selling default parts seemed to make them grow farther apart and was not a very efficient way of parenting. Joe is really considered a â€Å"Beast† because he killed people for money to better his sons’ life there are many other ways of doing that instead of killing innocent men fighting for our country. Joe is really thinking all about himself when he should think about all the other fathers whose sons died in the accident. There is no excuse for what he did and his biggest punishment is to live with the lie his whole life. Joe refused to accept responsibility, so he blamed it on his partner Steve Deever. â€Å"I was the beast, the guy that made 21 planes go down. Everyone thought I was guilty but I had a court paper that said I wasn’t.† Chris (Joe’s son) can’t be blamed for being mad at Joe, any human being would be, and Joe committed murder. Joe didn’t know when to stop when it came to making more money, he was greedy but had a good reason to be and that reason was that he had a family to support. Joe was a role model to his son and wanted his son to respect him but in the end it made his son detest him. Research Papers on "All My Sons" - The Story of Joe KellerThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

The accounting environment in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The accounting environment in the USA - Essay Example The amount of inventory in the warehouse of a company can decrease in value as prices of goods can go down in price due to market fluctuations. A good example of this phenomenon can be visualized in agricultural crops. These crops vary in price on a daily basis as their prices are traded in the open market as commodities. In any type of industry the market of value of inventory can vary and as a consequence it can distort the current assets account balance. Inventory is part of current assets. Accountants should always keep in mind the conservatism principle which states that when in doubt an accountant should choose the method that is less likely to overstate the assets or income of a company. The application of lower of cost or market is aligned with the conservatism constraint. Valuing inventory at lower of cost or market implies writing down inventory when the value of inventory is lower than its costs. There is a contra account in the balance sheet called Allowance to Reduce Inventory to LCM that is used to make the necessary adjustment. â€Å"This balance sheet account is used to report the amount that the inventory's market amount is below the inventory's cost amount†. The LCM method defines the market price of an item as the current replacement cost. An example of how to apply the method and its corresponding journal entry is illustrated below: Inventory value = $10000 Current replacement cost = $9500 $10000 – $9500 = $500 The $500 is considered a loss Journal Entry: Loss from Reducing Inventory to LCM $500 Allowance to Reduce Inventory to LCM $500 Capitalizing interest on building construction One of the characteristics of the construction industry is that projects take a long time to complete. Typically in business interest costs associ ated with financing any project are categorized as an expense. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) created a special rule for the construction industry that allows accountants to capitalize interest on construction project. FASB Statement No. 34 stipulates the guidelines that must be followed to calculate capitalization of interest in construction projects. It also states the disclosure requirements for capitalized interest in the financial statements of a company. The interest on any loan may only be capitalized while the construction occurs. There are certain criteria that must be met in order to be able to capitalize construction interest. The three criteria are: qualifying expenditures must already have been made activities to prepare assets for use must be in progress The firm must actually be paying interest (Young, 1994). At the moment that any of these three conditions seize to exist the company becomes ineligible to capitalize interest associated with constructi on projects. Any inventory used that is routinely manufactured or produced on a repetitive basis does not qualify for capitalization of interest if the inventory is purchased through debt (Young, 1994). Recording

RISK MANAGMENT FOR DIFFERENT CASES Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

RISK MANAGMENT FOR DIFFERENT CASES - Case Study Example Discussion Distinctive feature with Dubai’s palm islands is that unlike the development and construction of such other islands in the world where metal as well as concrete are applied, this island’s construction wholly adopts natural materials (Butler, 2005). This therefore represented the main challenge while designing the artificial island and collaborative efforts by ‘’construction contractors and engineering scientists’ were involved for the exercise. Major risk was however the way to sustain the sand island after reclamation taking into consideration the exposure to tides as well as waves and rising sea level as influenced by global warming (â€Å"Palm Islands, Dubai - Compression of the Soil† 2013). Nevertheless, the construction of a crescent water-break structure has the capacity of protecting the island from the adverse effects of such waves and tidal rises. Precaution is however taken by the scientists who constructed the breakwater crescent because the destruction of the crescent has a direct implication of destruction of the island. This therefore presents the main challenge. Among other lessons learnt from this construction is that the islands are artificial and made of natural materials without such materials as concrete and metal. Besides, the island’s construction suffered time constraint and was scheduled to last only three years, a challenge that the contractors were to succeed in. the construction of the crescent faced a major challenge of poor water circulation which they sought to address through two openings through which tidal water would replenish the fronds water supply and control stagnation. Another challenge is that the sand used is loose and uncompacted which presents the main threat to the welfare of the island. Liquefaction is therefore seen to have a high potential of occurring in the event that an earthquake occurs, which would have adverse outcomes to the islands (‘MESSINA p roject’, 2005). The precautions in this construction process were inevitable as the design was intended to support over a million people upon completion (‘Island life’, nd). Erosion along the beach posed another major problem with the palm island where unlike with natural beaches, the artificial beach would fail to replenish sand washed always by water, as would be a natural course with the natural beaches (Choomchaiyo, 2009). The analysis of this project presents some basic risks, which pose a threat to the successful completion of the project as designed. Financial resources were paramount with the project requiring continued adjustment longitudinal researches. The controversy around the matching of the financial as well as resultant social benefits from the project and the costs incurred poses a major challenge to determine. Besides, misrepresentations and miscalculations while planning for the project has adverse effects in costs incurred by the public over t he project. Other risks associated with the project are costs risks (such as maintenance, construction as well as operation of the island), demand risks (forecasting revenue returns to be earned), future financial market performance as well as political risks. Moreover, such a mega project has the capacity of fragmenting social as well as physical coherence in the island (Darmaki, 2008). The palm project